Türkiye’de Üretilen Mısırlarda Mikotoksin Düzeylerinin ve GDO Varlığının Araştırılması

Ülkemizde mısır üretimindeki artış bir yandan sürerken, bir yandan da dünyada mısırın soyadan sonra en çok genetiği değiştirilmiş ürün olması nedeniyle tüketicinin mısır ile ilgili algısı her geçen gün daha olumsuz olmaktadır. Genetiği değiştirilmiş mısırın potansiyel olumsuz etkileri tartışılmakta iken, mısırda insan sağlığı için gözden kaçmaması gereken en büyük tehdit mikotoksinlerdir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin 24 ilinde bulunan 552 köyün 634 tarlasından toplanan mısır numuneleri GDO, aflatoksin B1, toplam aflatoksin, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, T2 toksin, HT-2 toksin, zearalenon ve deoksinivalenol yönünden incelenmiştir. Tarama yapılan mısır numunelerinin hiçbirinde transgenik elemente rastlanmamıştır. Analiz edilen 634 numunenin sadece bir tanesinde Türk Gıda Kodeksi limitinin üzerinde aflatoksin B1 miktarına rastlanmış, numunelerin toplam aflatoksin değerleri Türk Gıda Kodeksi limitinin altında çıkmıştır. Paçal oluşturulan numunelerin hiçbirinde T-2 toksin, HT-2 toksin, zearalenon ve deoksinivalenol tespit edilmezken, fumonisin tespit edilen numunelerin toplam fumonisin miktarı Türk Gıda Kodeksi limitinin altında bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar, yerli üretim mısırların gıda güvenliği açısından uygun standartları sağladığını göstermektedir.

Investigation of Mycotoxin Levels and GMO Presence in Corn Produced in Turkey

n Turkey, there is a continuous increase in the annual production of corn. Nevertheless, consumers’ perception of corn becomes more negative each day, since corn is the most genetically modified product worldwide, after soybean. While the potential negative effects of genetically modified corn are being debated, the greatest threat to human health in corn is the presence of mycotoxins. In this study, corn samples were collected from 634 fields in 552 villages of 24 cities in Turkey, and the presence of GMO, aflatoxin B1, total aflatoxins, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol was investigated. No transgenic element was found in any of the corn samples. The total aflatoxin levels of the corn samples were found to be below the Turkish Food Codex limit and, among the total of 634 samples, only one sample exceeded the Turkish Food Codex limit for aflatoxin B1. Moreover, no T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol were detected in the samples. The total amounts of fumonisins were also found to be below the Turkish Food Codex limit. These results show that domestically produced corn meets the standards for food safety.

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