Spring diet and feeding strategy of the European sprat Sprattus sprattus (L., 1758) from the Black Sea coast of Turkey

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Çaça balığı Sprattus sprattusun ilkbahar mevsimindeki diyet kompozisyonu ve beslenme stratejisini belirlemektir. Çaça balığının diyet kompozisyonu Türkiyenin Karadeniz kıyılarında ilk defa incelenmiştir. 115 bireyin (6-9,1 cm total boy) midesi örneklenmiştir, 12 adedi (%10,4) boş olarak saptanmıştır. Diyet analizleri; gravimetrik yüzde (%W), bolluk frekansı (%N), bulunuş frekansı (%F) ve nispi önemlilik indeksi (%IRI) temel alınarak tanımlanmıştır. Beslenme stratejisi analiz edilmiştir ve grafik olarak (Costello) gösterilmiştir, bolluk frekansı (%N) ve bulunma frekans (%F) indeksleri dikkate alınmıştır ve sistematik kategorilere göre avlar gruplanmıştır. Polychaeta, Crustacea, Mollusca ve Chaetognatha olmak üzere 4 av grubuna ait 20 tür belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak Kopepodlar yukarıda bahsedilen tüm indeksler dikkate alındığında en önemli besin olarak saptanmıştır. Diğer tüm av grupları rastgele avlar olarak belirlenmiştir. Calanus euxinus türünün %IRI≥50 değerinde saptandığı en az 7 kopepod türü belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca beslenme stratejisi analizine göre tür, tek bir av grubuna doğru trofik uzmanlaşma göstermektedir

Türkiyenin Karadeniz kıyılarındaki Çaça balığı Sprattus sprattus (L., 1758)nın ilkbahar diyeti ve beslenme stratejisi

This study aims to identify the spring diet composition and feeding strategy of the European sprat, Sprattus sprattus. Diet composition of European sprat was investigated for the first time in the central Black Sea coast of Turkey. Examined of the 115 specimens (6 - 9.1 cm total length) of stomach, 12 (10.4%) had emty. Diet analysis was described based on gravimetric percentages (W%), frequency of abundance (N%), frequency of occurrence (%F) and relative importance index (IRI%). Feeding strategy was analyzed and graphically (Costello) represented, considering the frequency of abundance (N%) and frequency of occurrence (%F) indexes and grouping prey into higher taxonomic categories. Twenty species were identified, belonging to four prey groups: Polychaeta, Crustacea, Mollusca and Chaetognatha. Finally copepods proved to be the most important food item considering the above-cited indexes. All other prey taxa were identified as accidental preys. At least seven copepod species were identified, where Calanus euxinus appeared all round with %IRI≥50. Also results of feeding strategy analyses revealed a trophic specialization toward a single prey.

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