Shampa RANİ, Khondoker Jahengir ALAM, Shib Shankar SAHA, Mostafizur RAHMAN, Shah ALAM

Seroprevalence, Identification, and Pathology of Salmonellosis in Selected Poultry Farms at Barishal District of Bangladesh

Salmonellosis is a critical challenge in commercial poultry farming. This study aimed to calculate seroprevalence, identify Salmonella spp., and its pathological investigation from January to December 2019. One hundred fifty (150) serum samples and fifty (50) cloacal swabs from apparently ill and healthy birds were collected in this study. Seroprevalence was observed by serum plate agglutination (SPA) tests. The tentative diagnosis of salmonellosis was made based on history, clinical signs and bacteriological studies. Salmonella spp. was further confirmed using an automated microbiological method (VITEK®2). Post mortem examination was done in apparently sick birds, and gross and microscopic pathological lesions were investigated and recorded in a datasheet. The overall seroprevalence of salmonellosis was 42.67% in commercial chickens. Age wise prevalence of avian salmonellosis showed significantly highest infection rate in adult layers (≥ 45 days old) 65.31%, then 40.74%up to 45 days. In case of broiler, the prevalence rate in 0-10 days, 11-20 days, and 21-35 days were 13.63%, 44.12%, and 16.67%, respectively. Seasonal influence showed significantly highest proportionate prevalence of salmonellosis during summer 66.15%in comparison to winter 25.00% and rainy 24.44% seasons respectively. In bacteriological study, 12 samples were positive for Salmonellae among 50 cloacal samples. Out of 12 positive samples 5 samples were selected for the automated microbiology system VITEK® 2, and only two samples were confirmed as Salmonella gallinarum. Gross pathology of representative organs revealed bronze-colored enlarged liver, hemorrhages in the spleen and lungs, and hemorrhages in the ovary with stalk development. Microscopically, multifocal nodule formation and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver parenchyma and marked congestion with inflammatory cells in the spleen, hemorrhage and congestion in the lungs and intestine.

PDF

___

Akter MR, Choudhury KA, Rahman MM, Islam MS.2007. Seroprevalence of Salmonellosis in Layer Chickens with Isolation, Identification and Antibiogram Study of Their Causal Agents. Bangl. J. Vet. Med. 5 (1 &2): 39–42.
Ali MZ, Shirin Sultana. 2012. Avian Salmonellosis, Newcastle disease and Aspergillosis. Technical report. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1981.0404.
Badruzzaman A, Noor M, Mamun M Al, Husan A, Islam KM, Rahma MM. 2015. Prevalence of Diseases in Commercial Chickens at Sylhet Division of Bangladesh. Int Clin Pathol J.1:104–8. doi:10.15406/icpjl.2015.01.00023.
Barenfanger J, Drake C, Kacich G. 1999. Clinical and financial benefits of rapid bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. J Clin Microbiol. 37(5):1415-8. doi: 10.1128/JCM.37.5.1415-1418.1999. PMID: 10203497; PMCID: PMC84789.
Bennasar A, de Luna G, Cabrer B, Lalucat J. 2000. Rapid identification of Salmonella typhimurium, S. enteritidis and S. virchow isolates by polymerase chain reaction based fingerprinting methods. Int Microbiol.3(1):31-8. PMID: 10963331.
Chowdhuri A, Iqbal A, Giasuddin M, Bhuiyan AA. 2011. Study on Isolation and Identification of Salmonella and Escherichia coli fromDifferent Poultry Feeds of Savar Region of Dhaka, Bangladesh. J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 403-411 (2011).
Crowley E, Bird P, Fisher K, Goetz K, Boyle M, Benzinger MJ, Jr,Juenger M, Agin J, Goins D, Johnson R. 2012. Evaluation of the VITEK 2 Gram-Negative (GN) Microbial Identification Test Card: Collaborative Study. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, 95 (3). pp. 778–785. https://doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.CS2011_17.
Ferraro MJ, Jorgensen JH.1995. Instrument-based antibacterial susceptibility testing, p. 1375–1384. In P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, and R. H. Yolken (ed.), Manual of clinical microbiology, 6th ed. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
Gray JT, Fedorka-Cray PJ. 2002. Salmonella. In Cliver, DO and Riemann HP. (editors.). Foodborne diseases. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 55-68.
Grimont PAD, Grimont F, Bouvet P. 2000. In: Taxonomy of the genus Salmonella. Salmonella in Domestic Animals. CAB International. Wray C, Wray A (editors). pp. 1–17.ISBN: 9780851992617. doi: 10.1079/9780851992617.0001.
Habib-ur-Rahman, Sirzanin S, Hamayun K, Saleem K, Nazir A, Bhatti WM. 2003. Incidence and gross pathology of salmonellosis in chicken in Hyderabad. J. Ass. Vet. Adv. 2. 281-584.
Haider MG, Hossain MG, Hossain MS, Chowdhury EH, Das PM, Hossain MM. 2004. Isolation and Characterization of Enterobacteria Associated with Health and Disease in Sonali Chickens. Bangladesh J Vet Med. 2:15–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1928
Hasan AKMR, Ali MH, Siddique MP, Rahman MM, Islam MA. 2012. Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of Common Bacterial Diseases of Broiler and Layer Chickens. Bangl. J. Vet. Med. 8(2): 107 – 115. DOI:10.3329/bjvm.v8i2.11188
Hossain MH, Chowdhury EH, Islam MM, Haider MG andHossain MM. 2006. Avain Salmonella Infection: Isolation and Identification of Organisms and Pathological Study. Bangladesh J Vet Med.;4(1):7–12.DOI: 10.3329/bjvm.v4i1.1518.
Islam A, Trisha AA, Das M, Amin MR. 2009. Retrospective Study of Some Poultry Diseases at Gaibandha District in Bangladesh. Bangl. J. Vet. Med. 7 (1): 239 – 247.
Islam, M.Z., Haider, M., Chowdhury, E.H., Kamruzzaman, M., & Hossain, M. 2008. Seroprevalence and pathological study of Salmonella infections in layer chickens and isolation and identification of causal agents. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 4, 79-85.DOI:10.3329/ BJVM.V4I2.1288.
Kwon YK, Kim A, Kang MS, Her M, Jung BY, Lee KM. 2010. Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella gallinarum in the chicken in Korea during 2000 to 2008. Poult Sci. 89:236– 42. doi:10.3382/ps.2009-00420.
Meteab BK, Abed AAA. 2018. Isolation and identification of Salmonella serotypes in poultry. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences. 17(1). DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.29079/vol17iss1.
Muna EA, Salih MH, Zakia AM, Halima MO, Abeer AM, Ameera MM, Ali HO,Idris SB. 2016. Pathology of Broiler Chicks Naturally Infected with Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis) &Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) During an Outbreak in Sudan. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 10(1), 1-8.https://doi.org/10.9734/ JSRR/2016/ 23431.
Parvej MS, Rahman M, Uddin MF, Nazir KHMNH, Jowe MSl, Khan MFR, Rahman MB. 2016. Isolation and Characterization of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium Circulating Among Healthy Chickens of Bangladesh. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 4(7): 519-523, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i7.519-523.695.
Parvin R, Chowdhury EH, Jannat N, HaiderMG, Asaduzzaman M and Khan MAHNA. 2012. Development of slide microagglutinationsystem for the rapid diagnosis of Salmonella infection in the chicken. IRJALS 1(2): pp. 1 – 11.ISSN: 1839-8499.
Paul P, Akther S, Zulfekar Ali M, Banu H, Shahidur Rahman Khan M, Minara Khatun M. 2017. Isolation, Identification and Antibiogram Study of Salmonella sp. from Poultry Farm Environment. Int J Anim Biol. 3:5–11. http://www.aiscience.org/journal/ijabhttp://creativecommons .org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Paul PK, Haider MG, Khaton R, Ghosh SK, Das PM, Hossain MM. 2015. Pathological Investigation of Fowl Typhoid in Chickens in Mymensingh. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. 19: 33-41. ISSN 1025-482X.
Pincus DH. 2014. Microbial Identification Using the Biomerieux VITEK®2 System. Encyclopedia of Rapid Microbiological Methods. 2. pp. 1-27.
Rahman MA, Samad MA, Rahman MB, Kabir SML. 2004. Bacterio-pathological Studies on Salmonellosis, Colibacillosis and Pasteurellosis in Natural and Experimental Infections in Chickens. Bangladesh J Vet Med. 2 (1):1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v2i1.1926.
Runnels RA, Coon CJ, Farley H, Thorp F. 1927.An application of the rapid method agglutination test to the diagnosis of bacillary white diarrhea infection. JAVMA. 70: 660-667. Saha AK,Sufian MA,Hossain MI, Hossain MM. 2012.
Salmonellosis in layer chickens: pathological features and isolation of bacteria from ovaries and inner content of laid eggs. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 61–67, 2012. ISSN 1810-3030.
Saha SS. 2007. Detection of Salmonella Gallinarumusing polymerase chain reaction. MSc Thesis, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Schaffer JM, MacDonald AD, Hall WJ, Bunye HA.1931.Stained antigen for the rapid whole blood test for pullorum diseases. JAVMA. 79: 236-240.
Sikder A, Islam M, Rahman M, And, Rahman M. 2005.
Seroprevalence of Salmonella and Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection in the Six Model Breeder Poultry Farms at Patuakhali District in Bangladesh. Int J Poult Sci. 4:905–10. ISSN: 1682-8356.
Stone GG, Oberst RD, Hays MP, McVey S, Chengappa MM. 1994. Detection of Salmonella serovars from clinical samples by enrichment broth cultivation-PCR procedure. J Clin Microbiol. 32:1742–9. doi:10.1128/jcm.32.7.1742- 1749.1994.
Sujatha K, Dhanalakshmi K, Rao AS. 2003. Isolation and characterization of Salmonella gallinarum from chicken. Indian Veterinary Journal 80: 473-474.ISSN: 0019-6479.
Talha AFSM, Hossain MM, Chowdhury EH, Bari ASM,Islam MR, Das PM. 2001. Poultry diseasesoccurring in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Veterinarian. 18(1):20-23.
Titford M. 2009. Progress in the development of microscopical techniques for diagnostic pathology. Journal of Histotechnology, 32: 9–19.
Thornsberry C.1985. Automated procedures for antimicrobial susceptibility tests, p. 1015–1018. In E. H. Lennette, A. Balows, W. J. Hausler, Jr., and H. J. Shadomy (ed.), Manual of clinical microbiology, 4th ed. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
Tuchili LM, Kodama H, Izumoto Y, Mukamoto M, Baba T, Fukata T. 1995. Detection of Salamonella gallinarum and S. Typhimurium DNA in experimentally infected chicks by polymerase chain reaction. J Vet Med Sci. 57:59–63. doi:10.1292/jvms.57.59.
Uddin MB, Ahmed SSU, Hassan MM, Khan SA, Mamun MA. 2010. Prevalenceof Poultry Diseaseat Narsindhi, Bangladesh. Int. J. BioRes. 1(6): 09-13.