Impact of Plant Clinics on Farmers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice With Plant Health Issues

Plant clinics in Nepal has been started in 2008 and has coverage in more than 40 districts of Nepal. A study has been conducted in Chitwan district of Nepal to assess the changes on farmer’s knowledge attitude and practice due to implementation of plant clinics. Total of 175 clinic attendants and 175 non-attendants were selected by simple random sampling method and interviewed by using semi-structured questionnaire. By and large, this study found wider positive changes among clinic attendants than non-attendants especially on their knowledge and skills to identity pests and diseases with their causes and practice appropriate remedial measures against those problems. The study revealed positive impact to by increasing knowledge and skillset among attending farmers to assess the season of disease and pest occurrence, estimate economic threshold level as well as preventive and curative measures against the plant health problems. Plant clinic has made impressive positive changes on adoption of recommended dose of pesticides and organic control methods among attendants than non-attendants. The level of awareness and adoption of waiting period after pesticide use was found higher among attendants than non-attendants.

___

Adhikari RK, Regmi PP, Thapa RB, GC YD, Boa E. 2015. SWOT Analysis of Plant Clinics in Nepal. IAAS J., 32:102– 18. Adhikari RK. 2012. Review of Plant Clinics in Nepal: 2008-2011. CABI, UK.

Adhikari RK. 2009. Plant health clinic initiatives in Nepal. SECARD Nepal and DADO Kathmandu, Nepal.

Adhikari RK, Regmi PP, Boa E, GC YD, Thapa RB. 2013. Innovation in plant health extension services: the case of plant clinics in Nepal. Econ. AGRO-Aliment. 15:235–245.

Adhikari RK, Regmi PP, Thapa RB, GC YD, Boa E. 2016. Determinants of farmers’ participation in plant health clinics in Nepal. Nepal. J. Agric. Sci. 14:290–299.

Atreya K. 2005. Health cost of pesticide use in a vegetable growing area, central mid hills, Nepal. Himal. J. Sci. 3:81– 84. DOI: 10.3126/hjs.v3i5.466

Bamberger M, Rugh J, Church M, Fort L. 2004. Shoestring Evaluation: Designing Impact Evaluations under Budget, Time and Data Constraints. Am. J. Eval. 25:5–37. DOI: 10.1177/109821400402500102

Bentley JW, Boa E, Danielsen S, Zakaria AKM. 2007. Plant clinics for healthy crops. LEISA Mag. 23:16–17.

Bertrand M, Duflo E, Mullainathan S. 2004. How Much Should We Trust Differences-In-Differences Estimates? Q. J. Econ. 119:249–275. DOI: 10.1162/003355304772839588

Bhurtyal YB, Kanbargi R, Shrestha U, Dhungana S, Poudel S. 2016. Knowledge, practice and use of pesticides among commercial vegetable growers of Kaski district, Nepal. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Eng. 3:196–200.

Boa E. 2009. How the Global Plant Clinic began? Outlooks Pest Manag. 20:112–116.

Boa E, Harling R. 2008. Starting plant health clinics in Nepal. Global Plant Clinic-CABI, UK.

CBS. 2014. Central Bureau of Statistics, National population and housing census 2011: Chitwan. Kathmandu, Nepal.

Chen S, Mu R, Ravallion M. 2006. Are there lasting impacts of aid to poor areas? Evidence from rural China (No. 4084), Policy Research Working Paper Series. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Cornhiel SL. 2006. Feminization of agriculture: trends and driving forces (No. 41367). The World Bank, Washington, D.C. Danielsen S, Fernandez M. (Eds.) 2008. Public plant health services for all.

Danielsen S, Kelly P. 2010. A novel approach to quality assessment of plant health clinics. Int. J. Agric. Sustain. 8:257–269. DOI: 10.3763/ijas.2010.0494

European Commission. 2005. Monitoring of Pesticides Residues in Products of Plant Origin in the European Union. Norway.

Gartaula HN, Visser LE, Niehof A. 2010. Feminisation of agriculture as an effect of male out-migration: unexpected outcomes from Jhapa District, Eastern Nepal. Int. J. Interdiscip. Soc. Sci. 5:565–578.

Gertler PJ, Martinez S, Premand P, Rawlings LB, Vermeersch CM. 2011. Impact Evaluation in Practice. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Janhong K, Lohachit C, Butraporn P, Pansuwan P. 2005. Health promotion program for the safe use of pesticides in Thai farmers. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 36 Suppl. 4:258–261.

Jors E, Lander F, Huici O, Morant RC, Gulis G, Konradsen F. 2014. Do Bolivian small holder farmers improve and retain knowledge to reduce occupational pesticide poisonings after training on Integrated Pest Management? Environ. Health 13:75 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-13-75

KC GK, Pradhan D, Upadhyay BP, Upadhyay S. 2003. Sharing country agricultural extension experiences, challenges and opportunities. Regional workshop on operationalizing agricultural extension reforms in South Asia, New Delhi, India.

Kelly P, Bentley J, Rashid H, Zakaria AKM, Nuruzzamn M. 2008. Plant clinics help curb pesticides use in Bangladesh. Pestic. News 81:16–17.

Kroschel J, Alcazar J, Poma P. 2009. Potential of plastic barriers to control Andean potato weevil Premnotrypes suturicallus Kuschel. Crop Prot. 28:466–476. DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro. 2009.01.008

Launiala A. 2009. How much can a KAP survey tell us about people’s knowledge, attitudes and practices? Some observations from medical anthropology research on malaria in pregnancy in Malawi. Anthropol. Matters 11(1). Available from: https://www.anthropologymatters.com/index.php /anth_matters/article/view/31/53 [15/07/2017]

Maharjan A, Bauer S, Knerr B. 2012. Do Rural Women Who Stay Behind Benefit from Male Out-migration? A Case Study in the Hills of Nepal. Gend. Technol. Dev. 16:95–123. DOI: 10.1177/097185241101600105

Miiro R, Williams R, Kizauzi T. 2015. Gender Responsiveness in Plant Clinic Delivery. Listening to the Silent Patient - Uganda’s Journey towards Institutionalizing Inclusive Plant Health Services, CABI Working Paper. CABI, UK, p. 224.

Negussie KP, Day R, Romney D, Reeder R, Boa E, Muriithi C, Kamau R, Phiri N, Danielsen S, Murage N, Gitare I, Wanjiku R, Mutisya J, Ngige D, Kimani M, Festus W. 2011. Role of plant health clinics in meeting the needs of small-scale farmers for advisory services: experiences from Eastern Africa. International Conference on Innovations in Extension and Advisory Services: Linking Knowledge to Policy and Action for Food and Livelihoods, CTA, Nairobi, Kenya, p. 9.

Ngowi AV, Maeda DN, Partanen TJ. 2002. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among agricultural extension workers concerning the reduction of the adverse impact of pesticides in agricultural areas in Tanzania. Med. Lav. 93:338–346.

Oerke EC. 2006. Crop losses to pests. J. Agric. Sci. 144:31–43. DOI: 10.1017/S0021859605005708

Rajendran G, Islam R. 2017. Plant Clinics in Bangladesh: Are Farmers Losing Less and Feeding More? CABI Case Study (19).

Ravallion M. 2005. Evaluating Anti-Poverty Programs. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 3625. World Bank, New York.

Sarma PK, Raha SK, Jørgensen H, Mia MIA. 2016. Impact analysis of beef cattle agribusiness on income: A double difference approach. J. Bangladesh Agric. Univ. 13:109–115. DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v13i1.28726

Shrestha PL, Neupane FP. 2002. Socio-economic context on pesticide use in Nepal. Landschaftsökologie Umweltforsch. 38:205–223.

Srivastava MP. 2013. Plant clinic towards plant health and food security. Int. J. Phytopathol. 2:193–203.

Stack JP, Thomas JE, Baldwin W, Verrier PJ. 2014. Virtual Diagnostic Networks: A Platform for Collaborative Diagnostics. In: Gullino ML, Bonants P. Detection and Diagnostics of Plant Pathogens. Plant Pathology in the 21st Century. vol 5. pp:147–156. Springer, Dordrecht. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9020-8_10.

Vakilian KA. 2017. Using networks in plant disease diagnosis. CAB Rev. 12:1–12. Verner M, Verner D. 2013. Economic impacts of professional training in the informal sector: the case of the labor force training program in Cote d’Ivoire (No. 81307). The World Bank, New York.

WHO (World Health Organization). 2008. Advocacy, communication and social mobilization for TB control: a guide to developing knowledge, attitude and practice surveys. Switzerland.