Pleurotus tuber-regium has been used as fodder and traditionally used as medicinal supplement. The aim of this study was to screen in vitro proximate biochemical composition and nutritional potentiality of P. tuber-regium extract for further in vivo analysis of impact of the extract on serum lipid and testosterone profile of rats. Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol were measured photometrically. Testosterone was measured by chemiluminescence immune assay. P. tuber-regium extract contains different biochemicals such as proteins, carbohydrates, tannins, flavonoids, phenols etc. and showed highly quantified calorific value (297.89±1.92 calori/100g). Acute toxicity test showed no mortality and toxic behavioural symptoms. Significant decrease in total cholesterol (75.52±0.39mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (34.58±1.69mg/dL) and triglyceride (81.31±1.25) were observed in rat group treated with 200mg/kg dose of extract. 400mg/kg dose of extract showed higher efficacy than 200mg/kg dose of extract and significantly decreased total cholesterol (72.25±1.11mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (26.37±1.21mg/dL) and triglyceride (69.42±0.72). The extract showed testosterone enhance efficacy. 400mg/kg dose of extract showed high level testosterone (178.96±0.68 ng/dL) enhance efficacy than 200mg/kg dose (174.64±0.64ng/dL). Due to hypocholesterolaemia and testosterone elevating properties of P. tuber-regium extract, it can be said that, mushroom P. tuber-regium can be consumed as healthy diet supplement to maintain cholesterol level and to maintain good male reproductive health.
___
Afieroho OE, Lawson L, Adedokun OM, Emenyonu N. 2013. Antituberculosis and phytochemical investigation of the dichlro-methane extract Pleurotus tuber-egium (Fies) Singer sclerotium. Int Res J Pharma. 4(1): 255-257.
Alam N, Yoon KN, Lee TS. 2011. Antihyperlipidemic activities of Pleurotus ferulae on biochemical and histological function in hypercholesterolemic rats. J Res Med Sci. 16:776-786. PMID: 22091307
Anna OC, Oladapo FO, Ugochukwu AA, Chikere OU, Bankole L, Anthony AO. 2013. Ethanolic leaf extract of Chrysophyllum albidum on sperm analysis, hormonal profile, SOD and testicular histology of adult male wistar rats. Agric Biol J N Am. 4(3): 160-165.
Arya V, Thakur N Kashyap CP. 2012. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts of Psidium leaves. J Pharmacog Phytochem. 1(1): 1-6.
Barter P 1 , Gotto AM, LaRosa JC, Maroni J, Szarek M, Grundy SM, Kastelein JJ, Bittner V, Fruchart JC. HDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular events. New England J Med 2007;357(13):1301–10. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa064278
Bobek P Ozdin L. 1996. Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) reduces the production and secretion of very low-density lipoproteinsin hyper-cholesterolemic rats.J. Ernahrungswiss. 35(3): 249-252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01625688
Cesare SR. 2006. HDL and the progression of atherosclerosis: new insights. Europ Heart J Supplements. 31(4); 22-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/sul034
Dandapat S, Sinha MP. 2015. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Pleurotus tuber-regium (Rumph. ex Fr.) Singer. Adv in Biol Res. 9(3): 140-145.
EOL. 2008.Pleurotus tuber-regium - Details - Encyclopedia of Life. Available from: http://eol.org/pages/11463022/details [Accessed 17 July 2015].
Hatch NW, Srodulski SJ, Chan HW, Zhang X, Tannock LR, King VL. 2012. Endogenous androgen deficiency enhances dietinduced hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Gend Med 9(5): 319–28. DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2012.08.003.
He WS, Wang MG, Pan XX, Li JJ, Jia CS, Zhang XM, Feng B. 2013. Role of plant stanol derivatives in the modulating of cholesterol metabolism and liver gene expression in mice. Food Chem. 140(1–2): 9–16. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem. 2013.02.062
Hossain S, Hashimoto M, Choudhury EK, Alam N, Hussain S, Hasan M, Choudhury SK, Mahmud I. 2003. Dietary mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) ameliorates atherogenic lipid in hyper-cholesterolaemic rats. Clin Experi Pharmacol Physiol. 30: 470-475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440- 1681.2003.03857.x
IMUSG (Instruction Manual User System Guide). 2002. IRPrestige-21 (P/N 206-72010) Shimadzu Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer. Shimazu Corporation, Analytical & measuring instrument division, Koyoto, Japan. p.3:1-27. http://www.nanocenter.umd.edu/equipment/ nanoopticslab/manuals/optics-03/private/IRPrestige21%20 Users%20System%20Guide.pdf (Accessed 19 January 2014).
Jonathan SG, Adeoyo OR. 2011. Collection, morphological characterization and nutrient profile ofsome wild mushrooms from Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria. Natural Prod Ind J. 7(3): 128-136.
Jones TH. 2012. Testosterone deficiency: a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? Trends Endocrinol Metab. 21(8): 496–503. DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2010.03.002.
Kajendran M, Balaji SS, Sathya S. 2018. Cultivation and determination of nutritional value on edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus . Euro J Biotechnol Biosci. 6(3): 40-44
Kaur J, Sodhi HS, Jaswal RK, Kapoor S. 2015. Nutritional assessment of mutants of Calocybe indica produced by protoplast mutagenesis. J Applied and Natural Sci. 7(2): 686 – 690. doi https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i2.667
Khan MD, Tania M. 2012. Nutitional and medicinal impotance of Plurotus mushrooms: an overview. Food Rev Int. 28(3): 313- 329. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2011. 637267
Libertext C. 2014. Infrared spectroscopy absorption table. Available from: https://chem.libretexts.org/Reference/ Reference_Tables/Spectroscopic_Parameters/Infrared_Spect roscopy_Absorption_Table (Accessed 25 Mar 2018).
Maehre HK, Dalheim L, Edvinsen GK, Elvevoll EO, Jensen I-J. 2018. Protein determination—method. Matters Foods. 7(5): 1-11. doi: 10.3390/foods7010005
Mycobank. Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Singer, Lilloa.1951 22:271. Available from: MB#303985.http://www.mycobank. org/BioloMICS.aspx?TableKey=14682616000000067&Rec =62638&Fields=All (Accessed 17 July 2015).
Nag T, Ghosh A. 2013. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in Asian Indian population: a systematic review. J Cardiovas Dis Res. 4: 222-228. doi: 10.1016/j.jcdr.2014.01.004
OECD. 2008. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines for the testing chemicals Section-4. Test No. 425, Acute oral toxicity up and down procedure. 425:1-27. Available from: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/iccvam/suppdocs/feddocs/oecd/ oecdtg425.pdf. (Accessed 25 December 2018).
Oghenesuvwe EE, Nwoke EE, Lotanna AD. 2014. Guidelines on dosage calculation and stock solution preparation in experimental animals’ studies. J Natural Sci Res. 4(18): 100-106.
Okwulehie IC, Odunze ET. Evaluation of the Myco-chemical and Mineral Composition of Some Tropical Edible Mushroom. J Sustain Agri and Environ 2004;6(1): 163-170.
Onuoha CI, Obi-Adumanya GA. 2010. Proximate analysis of Pleurotus tuber-regium (Singer) grown on the different substrates. Researcher. 2(10): 7-11.
Oso BA. 1977. Mushrooms in Yoruba mythology and medicinal practices. Economic Botany. 31: 367-371.
Radzki W, Kalbarczyk J. 2010. Water soluble polysaccharides content in three species of edible and medicinal mushrooms: Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus blazei. Herba Polonica. 56(4): 31-38.
Reusch W. 2013. Inferared spectroscopy. IOCD to assist in capacity building in chemical education. Available from: https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/ faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/ spectrpy/ infrared/infrared.htm (Accessed 17 June 2018).
Rifa N, Warnick GR. 2006. Lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and other cardiovascular risk factors. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE, editors. Tietz text book of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 4th ed. New Delhi: Elsevier’s; p.942-960. ISBN: 9781437719406.
Ruige JB, Ouwens DM, Kaufman JM. 2013. Beneficial and adverse effects of testosterone on the cardiovascular system in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 98(11): 4300–10. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-1970.
Saleem U, Amin S, Ahmad B, Azeem H, Anwar F, Mary S. 2017. Acute oral toxicity evaluation of aqueous ethanolic extract of Saccharum munja Roxb. roots in albino mice as per OECD 425 TG. Toxicol Reports. 4: 580–585. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.10.005.
Schakel SF, Buzzard IM, Gebhardt SE. 1997. Procedures for Estimating Nutrient Values for Food Composition Databases. J Food Compos Analysis. 10(2): 102–114. doi: https://doi.org/10.1006/jfca.1997.0527
Singh R. 2017.A review on different benefits of mushroom. J Pharma Biol Sci. 12(1): 107-111. DOI: 10.9790/3008- 120102107111
Singh S, Lal AA, Simon S, Ramteke PW. 2017. Efficacy of selected botanicals on biochemical constituents of white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach. J Pharmacog Phytochem. 6(5): 2070-2076.
Tang Qi-Q. 2016. Lipid metabolism and diseases. Science Bulletin. 61(19): 1471–1472. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-016-1174-z
Thatoi H, Singdevsachan SK. 2014. Diversity, nutritional composition and medicinal potential of Indian mushrooms: a review. African J Biotechnol. 13(4): 523-545. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2013.13446
Traish AM, Abdou R, Kypreos KE. 2009. Androgen deficiency and atherosclerosis: The lipid link. Vascul Pharmacol. 51(5– 6): 303–13. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.09.003.
Wani BA, Bodha RH, Wani AH. 2010. Nutritional and medicinal importance of mushrooms. J Med Plants Res. 4(24): 2598- 2604. doi: 10.5897/JMPR09.565
Wikipedia. 2018. Infrared spectroscopy correlation table. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ Infrared_spectroscopy_correlation_table (Accessed 7 November 2018)
Yoon NK, Alam N, Shim MJ, Lee TS. 2012. Hypolipidemic and antiatherogenesis effect of culinary-medicinal pink oyster mushroom, Pleurotus salmoneostramineus L. Vass. (higher Basidiomycetes), in hypercholesterolemic rats. IntJ Med Mush. 14(1): 27-36. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v14.i1.30
Zhang N, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhang B, Wang F, Wang C, Zhao M, Yu C, Gao L, Zhao J, Guan Q. 2014. The relationship between endogenous testosterone and lipid profile in middleaged and elderly Chinese men. Eur J Endocrinol. 170(4): 487–94. doi: 10.1530/EJE-13-0802.