Farklı Nitrifikasyon İnhibitörlerinin Domateste Bakteriyel Kanser ve Solgunluk (Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp. Michiganensis) Hastalığına Etkisi

Domateste bakteriyel kanser ve solgunluk hastalığı ekonomik boyutta bitki gelişimini ve verimini sınırlandıran önemli bir hastalıktır. Hastalığa dayanıklı ticari çeşit bulunmaması ve kimyasal mücadelenin yetersiz olması nedeniyle mücadelesi oldukça zordur. Bu çalışmanın amaçları (1) domates bitkilerinden farklı yıllarda elde edilen Cmm izolatlarının klasik ve moleküler yöntemlerle tanısını yapmak, (2) domates bakteriyel kanser ve solgunluk hastalığına karşı farklı nitrifikasyon inhibitörlü gübrelerin hastalık gelişimi üzerine etkisini incelemektir.Elde edilen sekiz adet izolat Mirabilis jalapa yapraklarında aşırı duyarlılık, domates fidelerinde patojenite özelliği ve agaroz jelde 614 bp bant oluşturarak Cmm olarak tanılanmışlardır. Saksı denemeleri şeklinde yürütülen bu çalışmada karşılaştırma olarak azot inhibitörsüz normal amonyum sülfat ile yavaş salınım özelliğine sahip disiyandiamid (DCD) ve 3,5 dimetilpirazolyum gliseroborat (DMPB) azot inhibitörlü amonyum sülfat gübreleri kullanılmıştır. Denemede gübrelerin 100, 250 ve 500 ppm dozları bitkilere sulama suyu şeklinde birer hafta arayla üç kez uygulanmış ve uygulanan gübrelerin etkinliği, pozitif kontrol grubundaki bitkilerle kıyaslanarak belirlenmiştir. İki kez tekrarlanan çalışmada, birinci denemede gübreler hastalık gelişimini %42-78 oranları arasında, ikinci denemede ise %44-82 oranları arasında engellemiştir. Her iki denemede inhibitörlü ve inhibitörsüz gübrelerin 500 ppm dozları hastalığı baskılamada en etkili uygulamalar olmuştur. Bu çalışma azot inhibitörlü gübrelerin bakteriyel kanser ve solgunluk hastalığı üzerine etkisini ortaya koyan ilk çalışmadır. Sonuç olarak, domates bakteriyel kanser ve solgunluk hastalığı ile entegre mücadele programlarına inhibitörlü gübrelerin de eklenmesi faydalı olacaktır.

Efficacy of Nitrification Inhibitors on Tomato Bacterial Canker and Wilt (Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp. Michiganensis)

Tomato bacterial canker and wilt is a destructive disease causing economic losses and affecting plant growth and yield. Due to the lack of disease resistant cultivars and non- effective chemicals, management of the disease is quite tricky. The aims of this study were (1) to identify Cmm strains isolated in different years using both classical and molecular tests, (2) to test the efficacy of ammonium sulphate fertilizers with nitrogenous inhibitors on Cmm disease development. Eight strains were identified as Cmm according to hypersensitive reaction on Mirabilis jalapa plant leaves, pathogenicity on tomato seeedlings and production of 614 bp on agarose gel electrophoresis. Non- nitrogenous classical ammonium sulphate as compare treatment, Dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3.5- Dimethylpyrazol glyceborate (DMPB) nitrification inhibitors included ammonium sulphate fertilizers were tested in pot experiments. Fertilizers were applied three times with one week intervals at the 100, 250 and 500 ppm doses as irrigation water and the efficacy of treatments compared with control plants. In two times repeated study, disease development inhibited from 42 to 78% and from 44 to 82% in the first and second trials, respectively. In both treatments, 500 ppm dose of all applied fertilizers was highly decreased the lesion development in plants. This study reported the effect of nitrification inhibitors on tomato bacterial canker and wilt for the first time. In conclusion, it would be beneficial to add inhibitor fertilizers to integrated control programs against tomato bacterial canker and wilt disease.

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