Zerihun KEBEDE, Firew MEKBİB, Tesfaye DESTA, Asrat ASFAW

Drought Resistance Indices for Screening of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genotypes

In breeding for drought tolerance, availability of precise, cheap and easy to apply selection tool is critical. The aim of the present study was to identify potential screening tools that are useful for selection of drought tolerant genotypes in potato and select drought resistant potato genotypes. The study assessed sixty clones arranged in a 10×6 alpha lattice design with two replicates in a managed stress experiment. Two irrigation treatments were applied: fully watered non-stress and terminal drought, where the irrigation water supply to the crop was withheld after 50 % flowering to induce post-flowering stress. Stress indices were calculated based on tuber yield of genotypes in both stressed and non-stressed conditions. Identification of drought tolerant genotypes based on a single index was less informative as different indices identified different genotypes as drought tolerant. Hence, to determine the most desirable drought tolerant clones rank sum of indices, correlation, and bi-plot display of the principal component analysis was employed. The indices modified stress tolerance index based on non-stressed yield, Men productivity, Geometric mean productivity, Stress tolerance index, Harmonic mean, modified stress tolerance index based on stressed yield and Yield index exhibited strong association with both yield under stressed and non-stressed yield. These indices discriminated drought tolerant genotypes with higher tuber yielding potential both under stress and non-stress conditions. Genotypes CIP-398180.612, CIP-397069.5, and CIP-304371.67 were identified as drought tolerant. These genotypes could be potentially grown both under drought prone and potential environments and these selection attributes could help to develop climate resilient potato varieties.

PDF

___

Anderson P, Barker I, Best S, Bonierbale M, Crissman C, Hareau G, Leon VC. 2010. Importance of roots and tubers in the world food system; Digging up the Evidence. Unpublished working document, Lima, Peru.

Asredie S, Donald H, Walter DJ, Keith P, David W, Mengstu F, Schuiz S. 2015. Potato variety diversity, determinants and implications for potato breeding strategy in Ethiopia. Amer J of Potato Res, 92:551–566. doi 10.1007/s12230-015-9478-0.

Brown CR. 2005. Antioxidant in potato. Amer J of Potato Res, 82: 163-172.

Bouslama M, Schapaugh WT. 1984. Stress tolerance in soybeans. Part1: evaluation of three screening techniques for heat and drought tolerance. Crop Science, 24:933–937. doi:10.2135/cropsci1984.0011183X002400050026x.

Cattivelli L, Rizza F, Badeck FW, Mazzucotelli E, Mastrangelo AM, Francia E, Mare C, Tondelli A, Stanca AM. 2008.

Drought tolerance improvement in crop plants: an integrated view from breeding to genomics. Field Crops Research, 105:1-14. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2007.07.004.

CSA. 2017. Agricultural Sample Survey 2016/2017: Report on Area, Production and Farm Management Practice of Belg Season Crops for Private Peasant Holdings. Statistical bulletin, 584.Vol.01. The FDRE CSA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Farshadfar E, Poursiahbidi MM, Safavi SM. 2013. Assessment of drought tolerance in land races of bread wheat based on resistance / tolerance indices. Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res. 1(2): 143-158.

Farshadfar F, Sutka J. 2002. Screening drought tolerance criteria in maize. Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 50(4): 411-416. Doi: 10.1556 /AAgr.50.2002.4.3.

Fernandez GC. 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing stress tolerance. In: Kuo C.G. (ed.), Proceedings of the international symposium on “adaptation of vegetables and other food crops in temperature and water stress”, Taiwan, 13-16 August, 1992. AVRDC Publication, pp. 257-270.

Fischer RA, Maurer R. 1978. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses. Aus Journal of Agri Res, 29(5): 897-912. doi:10.1071/AR978 0897

Gavuzzi P, Rizza F, Palumbo M, Campanile RG, Ricciardi GL, Borghi B. 1997. Evaluation of field and laboratory predictors of drought and heat tolerance in winter cereals. Can. J. Plant Sci, 77: 523-531. doi:10.4141/P96-130.

Gholinezhad E, Darvishzadeh R, Bernous I. 2014. Evaluation of drought tolerance indices for selection of confectionery sunflower (Helianthus anuus L.) landraces under various environmental conditions. Not Bot Horti Agrobo, 42(1):187- 201. doi:10.15835/nb ha4219394.

Gholipouri A, Sedghi M, Sharifi RS, Nazari NM. 2009. Evaluation of drought tolerance indices and their relationship with grain yield in wheat cultivars. Recent Res Sci Technol, 1(4): 195-198.

Gumul D, Ziobro R, Noga M, Sabat R. 2011. Characterization of five potato cultivars according to their nutritional and prohealth components. Acta Sci. Pol., Technol. Aliment., 10(1): 73-81.

Javed A., Ghulam M.S., Makhdoom H., Javed A., Mujahid H. and Muhammad M. (2011). Drought Tolerance Indices and Their Correlation with Yield in Exotic Wheat Genotypes. Pak. J. Bot., 43(3): 1527-1530.

Kachapur RM, Wali MC, Hallikeri SS. 2015. Genetic studies on drought tolerant indices in maize. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science, 28(4): 464-466.

Kristin AS, Senra R.R, Perez FI, Enriquez BC, Gallegos JA, Vallego PR, Wassimi N Kelley JD. 1997. Improving common bean performance under drought stress. Crop Science, 37: 43- 50.

Lan J. 1998. Comparison of evaluating methods for agronomic drought resistance in crops. Acta Agriculturae Borealioccidentalis Sinica, 7: 85-87.

MoA. 2016. Plant variety release, protection and seed quality control Directorate, Crop variety register. Issue No. 19. MoA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Mitra J. 2001. Genetics and genetic improvement of drought resistance in crop plants, Curr Sci india, 80(6): 758-763.

Moosavi SS, Samadi BY, Naghavi MR, Zali AA, Dashti H, Pourshahbazi A. 2008. Introduction of new indices to identify relative drought tolerance and resistance in wheat genotypes. Desert, 12: 165-178.

Pennisi E. 2008. The blue revolution, drop by drop, gene by gene. Science, 320(5873): 171–173. doi: 10.1126/science. 320.5873. 171.

Rosielle AA, Hamblin J. 1981. Theoretical aspects of selection for yield in stress and non-stress environments. Crop Science, 21: 943-946. doi: 10.2135/cropsci1981.0011183X00210006 00 33x.

Tesfamichael A, Nyende AE, Mwangi SG, Kasili R, Woldeamlak A. 2015. Identification of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) landraces tolerant to post flowering drought stress using drought tolerance indices. J. Plant Breed. Crop Sci., 7(7): 211-218. doi: 10.5897/JPBCS2015. 0521.

Thiele G, Theisen K, Bonierbale M, Walker T. 2010. Targeting the poor and hungry with potato science. Potato Journal, 37: 75–86.

Yan W, Rajcan IR. 2002. Biplot analysis of test sites and trait relations of soyabean in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 42:11-20. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2002.0011.