Spor Bilimleri Fakültesindeki Sporcu Öğrencilerde Bilinçli Farkındalığın (Mindfulness) Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmanın amacı, spor bilimleri fakültesindeki sporcu öğrencilerde bilinçli farkındalığın (mindfulness) bazı demografik değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Ankara ve Karabük’teki devlet üniversitelerinin spor bilimleri fakültesinde öğrenim gören 295 sporcu öğrenci (% 41,7’si kadın, %58,3 erkek, X̅= 22,01 yaş, Ss=3,44) çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Orijinali Thienot vd. (2014) tarafından geliştirilmiş Türkçeye uyarlaması Tingaz (2019) tarafından yapılmış olan Sporcu Bilinçli Farkındalık (Mindfulness) Ölçeği ve Demografik Bilgi Formu’ndan elde edilen veriler SPSS 23 ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre, bilinçli farkındalık ölçeğinin genelinden ve alt boyutlarından alınan puanlar mevcut çalışma grubunda cinsiyete, spor branşına, lisans yılına ve daha önce yoga yapma durumuna göre farklılaşmamaktadır. Bilinçli farkındalık toplam puanı, farkındalık ve yargılamama alt boyutundan alınan puan ortalamaları öğrenim görülen bölüme ve en yüksek başarıya göre anlamlı şekilde farklılaşmamaktadır. Ancak yeniden odaklanma alt boyutunda, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği Bölümündeki sporcu öğrencilerin ortalaması Spor Yöneticiliği Bölümündeki sporcu öğrencilerin puan ortalamasından anlamlı şekilde daha yüksektir. Bununla birlikte, yeniden odaklanma alt boyutunda, Türkiye derecesi elde etmiş sporcuların puan ortalamaları hiçbir başarı elde edememiş sporcuların puan ortalamasından anlamlı şekilde daha yüksektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Bilinçli Farkındalık, üniversiteli sporcular, demografik değişkenler

Examination of Mindfulness According to Some Variables in Student-Athletes of Sports Sciences Facult

It was sought to examine the mindfulness according to some demographic variables in student-athletes of sports sciences faculty. 295 athletes (41.7% women, 58.3% men, X̅= 22.01 age, Sd=3.44) studying in the sports sciences faculty of public universities in Ankara and Karabük (Turkey) were included the study. Data obtained from the Demographic Information Form and the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport which was originally developed by Thienot (2014) and adapted to Turkish by Tingaz (2019), were analyzed by SPSS 23. According to the results of the study, the scores obtained from the general and subscales of mindfulness do not differ according to gender, sports type, sports year and previous yoga practice. The mean scores obtained from the mindfulness total score, awareness and non-judgmental subscale do not differ significantly according to the department and the best score in a competition. In the refocus subscale, however, the mean of the students who study in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching is significantly higher than the students in the Department of Sports Management. In addition, the refocus subscale, the mean scores of athletes who have a best score in Turkey is significantly higher than the athletes who have not any score in a competition.

Keywords:

Mindfulness, university student-athletes, demographic variables,

PDF

___

Acar, E. & Eker, C. (2019). Psikolojik danışman adaylarının bilinçli farkındalık düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Akdeniz Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(29), 421-443. doi: 10.29329/mjer.2019.210.22
Baer, R. A., Samuel, D. B., & Lykins, E. L. (2011). Differential item functioning on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire is minimal in demographically matched meditators and nonmeditators. Assessment, 18(1), 3-10. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1073191110392498
Bajaj, B., Robins, R. W., & Pande, N. (2016). Mediating role of self-esteem on the relationship between mindfulness, anxiety, and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 96, 127-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.085
Birrer, D., Röthlin, P., & Morgan, G. (2012). Mindfulness to enhance athletic performance: Theoretical considerations and possible impact mechanisms. Mindfulness, 3(3), 235-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0109-2
Bodhi, B. (2011). What does mindfulness really mean? A canonical perspective. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(1), 19-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2011.564813
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
Bühlmayer, L., Birrer, D., Röthlin, P., Faude, O., & Donath, L. (2017). Effects of mindfulness practice on performance-relevant parameters and performance outcomes in sports: A meta-analytical review. Sports Medicine, 47(11), 2309-2321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0752-9 de Castro, J. M. (2015). Meditation has stronger relationships with mindfulness, kundalini, and mystical experiences than yoga or prayer. Consciousness and Cognition, 35, 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2015.04.022
Gaiswinkler, L., & Unterrainer, H. F. (2016). The relationship between yoga involvement, mindfulness and psychological well-being. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 26, 123-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2016.03.011
Gardner, F. L., & Moore, Z. E. (2004). A mindfulness-acceptance-commitment-based approach to athletic performance enhancement: Theoretical considerations. Behavior Therapy, 35(4), 707-723. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80016-9
Greason, P. B., & Cashwell, C. S. (2009). Mindfulness and counseling self‐efficacy: The mediating role of attention and empathy. Counselor Education and Supervision, 49(1), 2-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.2009.tb00083.x
Gündüz, H. (2016). Yetişkinlerde bilinçli farkındalık (mindfulness) ve duygu düzenleme arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Nişantaşı Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
Hill, C. L., & Updegraff, J. A. (2012). Mindfulness and its relationship to emotional regulation. Emotion, 12(1), 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026355
Jha, A. P., Krompinger, J., & Baime, M. J. (2007). Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 7(2), 109-119. https://doi.org/10.3758/CABN.7.2.109
Kabat‐Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness‐based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clinical psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144-156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016
Kais, K., & Raudsepp, L. (2005). Intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety, self-confidence and athletic performance. Kinesiology: International Journal of Fundamental and Applied Kinesiology, 37(1), 13-20. https://hrcak.srce.hr/4138 sayfasından erişilmiştir.
Kaufman, K. A., Glass, C. R., & Arnkoff, D. B. (2009). Evaluation of Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE): A new approach to promote flow in athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 3(4), 334-356. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.3.4.334
Keng, S. L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011). Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(6), 1041-1056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006
Liliana, M., & Adrian, S. M. (2013). The role of attention in the achievement of sport performance in judo. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 1242-1249. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.737
Miller, R. G. (1969). Simultaneous Statistical Inference. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R., & Levy, A. R. (2010). Coping self-efficacy, pre-competitive anxiety, and subjective performance among athletes. European Journal of Sport Science, 10(2), 97-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390903271592
Pett, M. A., Lackey, N. R., & Sullivan, J. J. (2003). Making Sense of Factor Analysis: The Use of Factor Analysis for Instrument Development in Health Care Research. ABD: Sage.
Schwanhausser, L. (2009). Application of the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment (MAC) protocol with an adolescent springboard diver. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 3(4), 377-395. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.3.4.377
Thienot, E. (2013). Mindfulness in elite athletes: conceptualisation, measurement, and application. Doctoral dissertation, University of Western Australia
Thienot, E., Jackson, B., Dimmock, J., Grove, J. R., Bernier, M., & Fournier, J. F. (2014). Development and preliminary validation of the mindfulness inventory for sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(1), 72-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.10.003
Tingaz, E. O., (2019, Kasım). Sporcu bilinçli farkındalık (mindfulness) ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. 17. Uluslararası Spor Bilimleri Kongresi’nde Sunulmuş Bildiri, Antalya.
Wagstaff, C. R. (2014). Emotion regulation and sport performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 36(4), 401-412. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2013-0257