A Measurement Tool for Evaluating Career Goal Inconsistencies Between Individuals and Parents: A Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version

In this study, a measurement tool that evaluates career goal inconsistencies between individuals and parents was adapted into Turkish. The sample group consists of 410 university students, aged between 18 and 31 years. The Discrepancies Between Individual-Set and Parent-Set Career Goals Scale (DBIPCGS), Career Stress Scale (CSS,) and Life Satisfaction Scale (LCS) were used as data collection tools in the study. The structure of DBIPCGS was tested by confirmatory factor analysis. The model goodness of fit values obtained in confirmatory factor analysis showed that the structure of the scale was confirmed. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach Alpha) of the scale was calculated as .78 for the ability dimension, .90 for the choice dimension, .92 for the enthusiasm dimension, and .93 for the total score of the scale. As a result of the correlation analysis conducted for the criterion validity, a positive relationship was found between DBIPCGS and the CSS, and a negative relationship with the LCS. As a result, DBIPCGS is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used in Turkish culture.

Keywords:

Individual-Parent Discrepancies, Career Goals, Career Discrepancies Scale Adaptation, University Student,

PDF

___

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
Akosah-Twumasi, P., Emeto, T. I., Lindsay, D., Tsey, K., & Malau-Aduli, B. S. (2018). A systematic review of factors that influence youths career choices—the role of culture. In Frontiers in Education, 3, 58.
Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469–480.
Austin, J. T., & Vancouver, J. B. (1996). Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content. Psychological bulletin, 120(3), 338.
Bacanlı, F., & Sürücü, M. (2011). İlköğretim öğrencilerinin kariyer gelişimleri ile ebeveyne bağlanmaları arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi [An examination of the relationship between attachment to parent and career development of elementary school students]. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(4), 679-700.
Bacanlı, F., Akyol, E. Y., Kaynak, S., & Özhan, M. B. (2018). Ergen-Ebeveyn Kariyer Uyumu Ölçeği'ni Türkçeye Uyarlama Çalışması [Adaptation of the Adolescent-Parent Career Congruence Scale into Turkish]. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 19(2), 389-407. https://doi.org/10.12984/egeefd.396759.
Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American psychologist, 44(9), 1175. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.9.1175.
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238– 246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological bulletin, 88(3), 588. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588.
Blustein, D. L. (2001). The interface of work and relationships: Critical knowledge for 21st century psychology. The Counseling Psychologist, 29(2), 179-192. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000001292001.
Bollen, K. A. (1989). A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models. Sociological methods & research, 17(3), 303-316. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124189017003004.
Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2017). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem yayıncılık.
Byrne, B. M. (2011). Structural equation modeling with AMOS Basic concepts, applications, and programming: Multivariate Applications Series. Routledge.
Choi, B. Y., Park, H. R., Nam, S. K., Lee, J., Cho, D., & Lee, S. M. (2011). The development and initial psychometric evaluation of the Korean Career Stress Inventory for college students. Career Development Quarterly, 59, 559-572. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2011.tb00976.x
Diener, E; Emmons, R.A; Larsen, R.J; Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment. 49 (1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13.
Dursun, A., & Kara, A. (2019). Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinde kariyer karar verme güçlüklerinin yordayıcısı olarak kariyer kararı yetkinlik beklentisi ve kariyer seçiminde aile etkisi [Career decision making self-efficacy and family influence in the choice of career as a predictor of career decision making difficulties in secondary school students]. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(1), 39-55.
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. Norton.
Fink, A. (2003). How to sample in surveys (2nd ed.). Sage.
Güneş, A. (2015). Kariyere ilişkin ebeveyn desteği ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması (publication no: 378269) [Master dissertation, Gazi University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
Hamamcı, Z. (1996). Aile rehberliğinin anne babaların meslek gelişimi konusunda bilgi düzeylerine ve çocuklarına yardımcı olmaya yönelik tutumlarına etkisi (publication no: 51605) [Master dissertation, Ankara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
Hofstede, G. H. (2001). Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom D. (1988). LISREL 7: A guide to the program and applications. Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.
Keller, B. K., & Whiston, S. C. (2008). The role of parental influences on young adolescents' career development. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(2), 198-217. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072707313206.
Korkmaz, O., & Kırdök, O. (2019). Kariyer Hedefi Geribildirim Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of Career Goal Feedback Scale to Turkish: Validity and reliability study]. Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi, 12(2), 494-510. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.443315.
Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve Sorunlu Ergenlerin Yaşam Doyumu Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması. (publication no: 16802) [Master dissertation, Ankara University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of vocational behavior, 45(1), 79-122. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1994.1027
Leung, S. A., Hou, Z. J., Gati, I., & Li, X. (2011). Effects of parental expectations and cultural-values orientation on career decision-making difficulties of Chinese university students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 78(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.08.004.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2006). New directions in goal-setting theory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(5), 265-268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00449.x.
MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological methods, 1(2), 130.
MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Preacher, K. J., & Hong, S. (2001). Sample size in factor analysis: The role of model error. Multivariate behavioral research, 36(4), 611-637.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3th ed). McGraw Hill.
Otto, L. B. (2000). Youth perspectives on parental career influence. Journal of Career Development, 27(2), 111-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/089484530002700205.
Özcan, M., & Eranıl, A. K. (2018). Meslek seçimi kapsamında: anne baba tutumu ve öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutum. Uluslararası Türkçe Edebiyat Kültür Eğitim (TEKE) Dergisi, 7(2), 1291-1304.
Özden, K., & Sertel-Berk, Ö. (2017). Kariyer Stresi Ölçeği’nin (KSÖ) Türkçe'ye uyarlanması ve psikometrik özelliklerinin sınanması [Reliability and validity study of Turkish version of the Korean Career Stress Inventory]. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 37(1), 35-51.
Özünlü, M. B., & Bacanlı, F. (2015). Kariyer Seçiminde Aile Etkisi Ölçeği’nin lise öğrencileri için Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları.Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(1), 13-32.
Puklek Levpušček, M., Rauch, V., & Komidar, L. (2018). Individuation in relation to parents as a predictor of career goals and career optimism in emerging adults. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 59(2), 146-156.
Sawitri, D. R., Creed, P. A., & Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J. (2015). Longitudinal relations of parental influences and adolescent career aspirations and actions in a collectivist society. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 25(3), 551-563.
Sawitri, D. R., Creed, P. A., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2013). The adolescent-parent career congruence scale: Development and initial validation. Journal of Career Assessment, 21, 210–226.
Schoon, I., & Polek, E. (2011). Teenage career aspirations and adult career attainment: The role of gender, social background and general cognitive ability. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35(3), 210-217.
Solmaz, Y. (2015). Meslek lisesi son sınıf öğrencilerinin kariyer gelişiminde aile etkisi: Pendik ilçesi örneği (publication no: 426175) [Master dissertation, İstanbul Aydın University]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.
Şeker, G., &, Kaya, A. (2018). Lise öğrencilerinin meslek seçiminde aile desteği: Bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması [Family support in high school students’ choice of vocation: A scale development study]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 8(49), 157-171.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed). Pearson Education. Vautero, J., Taveira, M. do C., Silva, A. D., & Fouad, N. A. (2020). Family Influence on Academic and Life Satisfaction: A Social Cognitive Perspective. Journal of Career Development, 1,14.
Vidaman, K. F., & Thompson, J. S. (2003). On specifying the null model for incremental fit indices in structural equation modeling. Psychological Methods, 8(1), 16–37. Whiston, S. C., & Keller, B. K. (2004). The influences of the family of origin on career development: A review and analysis. The counseling psychologist, 32(4), 493-568.
Yam, F. C., Alkın, S., & Barut, Y. (2020). Kariyer Hedef Tutarsızlık Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Adaptation of career goal discrepancies scale to Turkish: Validity and reliability study]. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 7(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.629970.
Young, R. A., & Valach, L. (2004). The construction of career through goal-directed action. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(3), 499-514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2003.12.012.
Young, R. A., Marshall, S., Domene, J. F., Arato-Bolivar, J., Hayoun, R., Marshall, E., Zaidman-Zait, A., & Valach, L. (2006). Relationships, communication, and career in the parent-adolescent projects of families with and without challenges. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.05.001