Üstbilişsel Süreçlerde Yaşa Bağlı Değişiklikler

Bu çalışmada üstbilişsel inançların yaşa göre nasıl değiştiği incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla 8-74 yaş aralığındaki bireylerin (N = 1816) üstbilişsel süreçleri Üst-Biliş Ölçeği Yetişkin Formu (ÜBÖ-30) ve Üst-Biliş Ölçeği Çocuk-Ergen Formu (ÜBÖ-ÇE) kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. ÜBÖnün alt faktörlerinin (bilişsel farkındalık, kontrol edilemezlik ve tehlike, düşünceleri kontrol ihtiyacı, olumlu inançlar ve bilişsel güven) bağımlı değişken olduğu araştırmanın verileri 5 (yaş: 8-12 yaş, 13-17 yaş, 18-29 yaş, 30-44 yaş, ile 45 ve üstü) x 4 (eğitim düzeyi: temel eğitim, lise, üniversite ve lisansüstü) x 2 (cinsiyet) faktörlü desene uygun MANOVA ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları yaşın bilişsel farkın- dalık, kontrol edilemezlik ve tehlike ve düşünceleri kontrol ihtiyacı alt ölçekleri; eğitimin olumlu inançlar, bilişsel farkındalık ve düşünceleri kontrol ihtiyacı alt ölçekleri; yaş ve eğitim düzeyi ortak etkisinin ise bilişsel farkındalık ve kontrol edilemezlik ve tehlike altpuanları üzerindeki etkisinin anlamlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar özellikle bilişsel farkındalık, kontrol edilemezlik ve tehlike ve ayrıca düşünceleri kontrol ihtiyacı türü üstbilişsel süreçlerin yaş ve eğitim düzeyinden etkilendiğine; yaş ve eğitim düzeyi arttıkça olumsuz tarzdaki üstbilişsel inançlarda bir azalma meydana geldiğine işaret etmiştir. Diğer yandan regresyon analizleri de yaş ve ÜBÖ altölçek puanları ara- sında negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki olduğunu göstermiş ve bulgular varyans analizi sonuçlarıyla tutarlılık göstermiştir. Sonuçlar, yaş, bilişsel ve üst-bilişsel süreçler arasındaki ilişkileri ele alan ilgili literatür bağlamında tartışılmıştır.

Age Related Changes in Metacognitive Processes etehan Irak Dicle Çapan Can Soylu

In this study changes in metacognitive beliefs according to aging was investigated. Paricipants’ (N = 1816) meta- cognitive beliefs were measured using with Adult form of Metacognitive Questionnaire (MCQ-30) and Child and Adolescent form of Metacognitive Questionnaire (MCQ-CA). A 5 (age: 8-12 years, 13-17 years, 18-29 years, 30-44 years, and 45+) x 4 (level of education: primary school, high school, university, and graduate) x 2 (sex: male and female) MANOVA for factorial design was conducted. Dependent variables of the analysis were MCQ’s subscales, namely cognitive self consciousness, uncontrollability and danger, need to control thoughts, positive beliefs, and cognitive confidence. Analyses showed that age main effect was significant on cognitive self consciousness, uncon- trollability and danger, need to control thoughts; level of education main effect was significant on positive beliefs, cognitive self consciousness, and need to control thoughts, and interaction effect was significant on cognitive self consciousness and need to control thoughts. These results indicated that there were negative relationships between aging, level of education, and negative metacognitive beliefs. Also regression analysis showed that there were sig- nificant negative correlation between age, level of education and MCQ’ sub-factors which was similar to variance analysis results. Results were discussed with reference to the literature of aging, meta-cognition, and cognitive process.

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