Görgü Tanıklığında Olay Sonrası Yanlış Bilginin Etkisi Kategori Kuvvetine Göre Değişir mi?

Görgü tanıklığında bellek yanılmalarını açıklamak için en çok başvurulan kuramlardan birisi olan Fuzzy Trace Theoryye göre, ancak orijinal olayla anlamsal ortaklığı olan bir “olay sonrası yanlış bilgi” onun yerine yanlışlıkla kabul edilebilir; dahası, bu bağlantı ne kadar kuvvetli olursa, olay sonrası bilginin orijinal olay yerine kabul edilme olasılığı o kadar yüksek olur. Mevcut araştırmada bu kestirim, görgü tanıklığı literatürü çerçevesinde bir hırsızlık olayını betimleyen bir video ile test edilmiştir. Olay sonrası yanlış bilgi olarak kritik maddelerin ait olduğu kategori- nin kuvvetli üyesi, zayıf üyesi ve kategori dışı seçenek bir hikaye içinde verilmiştir. Tanıma testinde kritik maddenin kendisi, ait olduğu kategorinin kuvvetli üyesi, zayıf üyesi ve ilişkisiz seçenek yer almıştır. Orijinal olay ile anlamsal bağlantısı olan yanlış bilgi, olmayandan daha fazla kabul edilmiş, kategorinin kuvvetli üyesi ile zayıf üyesi arasın- daki fark ise, anlamlılık düzeyine erişememiştir. Bulgular Fuzzy Trace Theory ile Brainerd ve Reynanın (2012) “gelişimsel karşıtlık” kavramı açısından tartışılmıştır.

Does Semantic Association Play a Role in Post-Event Misinformation Effect?

According to one of the most prominent false memory theories (Fuzzy Trace Theory), false memories stem from the semantic association between the original information and post-event misinformation. Furthermore, the strength of this association predicts the probability of accepting the post-event misinformation as original information. In order to test this prediction within the eyewitness testimony framework, the current study used a video of a mock-theft and a narrative of the event in which some original information was changed as post-event misinformation. To that end, the strong and the weak members of the category to which original information belongs to, and semantically unre- lated options were given as distractors in addition to the original information in a recognition test. Analysis revealed that semantically strong and weak distractors were significantly more likely to be accepted as original information than the semantically unrelated item. Semantically strong distractors were accepted as original information more than weak distractors, although the difference did not reach significance. Findings were discussed in terms of Fuzzy Trace Theory and the “developmental reversals” approach by Brainerd and Reyna (2012).

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