Gelişimsel Dil Bozukluklarında Söz Dizimi Anlama ve Sözel Çalışma Belleği İlişkisinin İncelenmesi

Özet Çalışma belleği, günlük yaşantımız sırasında çevreden gelen çeşitli uyaranların kodlanması, kısa bir süre için de- polanması ve amaca yönelik olarak kullanılabilmesi için uygun davranışların seçilmesini sağlamaktadır. Oldukça karmaşık, ancak hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleşen bu işlemler özellikle dile ilişkin işleme becerilerinde etkin bir görev üstlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, gelişimsel dil bozukluğu olan ve normal gelişim gösteren çocukların karmaşık söz dizimini anlama becerileri ile sözel çalışma belleği arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunda 12 Down Sendromlu, 12 otizmli ve sözel olmayan zeka yaşına göre eşleştirilen 24 normal gelişim gösteren çocuk yer almıştır. Çalışma grubunun ifade edici dil performanslarını değerlendirmek amacıyla sohbet bağlamında doğal dil örneği alınmış ve ortalama sözce uzunlukları hesaplanmıştır. Sözel çalışma belleği performans- larını belirlemek amacıyla anlamsız sözcük tekrarı listesi, karmaşık söz dizimini anlama becerileri değerlendirmek amacıyla ölçüt bağımlı karmaşık söz dizimini anlama becerilerini değerlendirme aracı uygulanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, kronolojik yaş, sözel olmayan zeka yaşı, ortalama sözce uzunluğu gibi ölçümlerin sözel ça- lışma belleği ve karmaşık söz dizimini anlama becerileri ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Her iki grupta da sözel çalışma belleği ve karmaşık söz dizimini anlama becerilerinin ilişkili olduğu ve gelişimsel dil bozukluğu olan grupta yer alan çocukların her iki değişkene ilişkin performanslarının normal gelişim gösteren çocuklardan düşük olduğu bulunmuştur.

Summary Relationship Between Syntax Comprehension and Verbal Working Memory of Children with Developmental Language Disorders

Abstract Working memory (WM) facilitates the choice of appropriate actions for coding stimuli from the environment, stores them for a short term and helps us use them purposefully in daily life. These rather complex but swift operations play a particularly important role in language related processing skills. This study aims to examine the relationship between complex syntax comprehension (CSC) skills and verbal WM in children with developmental language disorder and typically developing children. The study group comprised 12 Down Syndrome and 12 autistic and 24 typically developing children, who were matched in accordance with nonverbal intelligence. In order to evaluate the expressive language performance of the study group, language samples were collected and mean lenght utterance (MLU) was calculated. Childrens verbal WM performance was established by using the nonword repetition list, and their CSC skills were evaluated by using the criterion referenced CSC skills assessment tool. The results showed that measurements such as chronological age, nonverbal intelligence and MLU are associated with verbal WM and CSC skills. In both groups, verbal WM and CSC skill were found to be related and the children in the developmental language disorder group had lower performance in both variables than their typically developing counterparts.

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