Bilge YAĞMURLU, Ann SANSON, S. Bahar KÖYMEN

Ebeveynlerin ve Çocuk Mizacının Olumlu Sosyal Davranış Gelişimine Etkileri: Zihin Kuramının Belirleyici Rolü

Bu çalışma, ebeveyn davranışları ve çocuğun mizacının, okul öncesi dönemindeki çocukların olumlu sosyal davranış gelişimine etkilerini ve zihin kuramı yeteneğinin bu ilişkideki aracı rolünü araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışmanın bir diğer amacı, bu ilişkilerdeki kültürler arası benzerlik veya farklılıkların incelenmesidir. Ömeklem, Avustralya'da yaşayan 151 Avustralyalı ve 50 Türk çocuk ile bu çocukların anneleri ve yuva öğretmenlerinden oluşmuştur. Olumlu sosyal davranışların değişik yönlerinin ölçülmesini sağlamak için birden çok değerlendirme yöntemi (anne ve öğretmen anketleri, bireysel değerlendirmeler) kullanılmıştır. Zihin kuramı yeteneği, üç değişik yanlış kanı testi ile ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar, Türk ve Avustralyalı çocukların olumlu sosyal davranış düzeylerinin benzer olduğunu, ancak yordayıcı faktörlerin farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Avustralya grubunda anne sıcaklığı ve sebatkar mizaç, Türk grubunda ise annenin itaat bekleme davranışı, olumlu sosyal davranışı anlamlı olarak yordamıştır. Zihin kuramı yeteneği, her iki kültürel grupta da olumlu sosyal davranış ile pozitif ilişki göstermiştir. Ebeveyn davranışları ve çocuğun mizaç özelliklerinin olumlu sosyal gelişime doğrudan ve zihin kuramını etkileme yoluyla dolaylı etkileri, kültür bağlamında incelenerek tartışılmıştır.

Effects of Parenting and Child Temperament on the Development of Prosocial Behavior: The Mediating Role of Theory of Mind

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of parenting and child temperament on the development of prosocial behaviors, and the mediating role of theory of mind in this relationship. Another aim was to examine cultural similarities and differences in levels of prosocial behaviors and their predictors. The participants in the study were 151 Australian and 50 Turkish preschoolers living in Australia, and their mothers and care-providers. Multiple methods (mother and teacher ratings, behavioral assessments) were used to assess prosocial behaviors. The ability of theory of mind was assessed using three false belief tasks. Results indicated equivalent levels of prosocial behavior in Turkish and Australian groups, but somewhat different routes to their development. Maternal warmth and child persistence predicted prosocial behavior for the Australian sample. For the Turkish sample, obedience-demanding behavior had a facilitating effect upon prosocial development. Theory of mind was positively related to prosocial behavior in both cultural groups. The direct and indirect effects of parenting and child temperament on prosocial development and the mediating role of theory of mind are discussed in relation to cultural norms.

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