Inula viscosa metanol ve hekzan ekstraktlarının antibakteriyel ve antikanserojenik etkilerinin incelenmesi

Amaç: Inula viscosa, Asteraceae familyasına ait çok yıllık tıbbi bir bitkidir. Bu çalışmada, I. viscosa’dan elde edilen metanol ve hekzan ekstraktlarının antibakteriyel ve antikanserojenik aktivitelerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Yöntem: I. viscosa metanol (1,56-800 mg/ml) ve hekzan (0,19-100 mg/ml) ekstraktlarının farklı konsantrasyonlarının antibakteriyel aktivitesi disk difüzyon metodu ile test edildi. Standart referans suş olarak; Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli ve Klebsiella pneumoniae kullanıldı. Ekstraktların minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MİK) değerleri her bir bakteri için mikrodilüsyon yöntemi ile yapıldı. MİK değeri, üremenin görülmediği en düşük ekstrakt konsantrasyonu olarak belirlendi. MİK sonrası tüm kuyucuklar için minimum bakterisit konsantrasyonları (MBK) saptandı. I. viscosa ’nın antikanserojenik aktivitesi MTT testi ile araştırıldı. MDA- MB-231 ve HT-29 hücreleri ekstraktların IC50 değerlerinde akridin oranj ve propidium iyodür ile boyanarak canlı, apoptotik ve nekrotik hücreler belirlendi. Bulgular: Metanol ekstraktının L. monocytogenes, M. luteus , E. coli ve K. pneumoniae için zon çapları sırasıyla; 8, 16, 7 ve 9 mm olarak ölçüldü. Hekzan ekstraktının ise M. luteus , E. coli ve K. pneumoniae için zon çapları sırasıyla 14, 7 ve 9 mm olarak belirlendi. Metanol ekstraktının MİK değerleri M. luteus için 25 mg/ ml, L. monocytogenes ve K. pneumoniae için 200 mg/ ml ve E. coli için ise 400 mg/ml olduğu bulundu. Hekzan ekstraktının MİK değerleri L. monocytogenes , E. coli ve K. pneumoniae için 400 mg/ml, M. luteus için 100 mg/ml olduğu bulundu. MBK değerlerinin MİK değerleri ile benzer olduğu görüldü. IC50 değerleri metanol ekstraktının MDA-MB-231 ve HT-29 hücreleri için sırasıyla 25 mg/ml ve 200 mg/ml, hekzan ekstraktının 6,25 mg/ ml ve 12,5 mg/ml olarak belirlendi. Konsantrasyon artışına bağlı olarak MDA-MB-231 ve HT-29 hücrelerinde nekrotik ve erken apoptotik hücrelerin varlığı görüldü. Sonuç: I. viscosa ’nın metanol ve hekzan ekstraktlarının çalışılan bakteriler üzerine antibakteriyel, MDA-MB-231 ve HT-29 hücreleri üzerine antikanserojenik aktivitesinin olduğu bulundu. Bu ekstraktların farklı kanser hücre hatları ve bakteri suşları üzerine etkilerinin yapılacak başka çalışmalarla gösterilmesinin tamamlayıcı tıp alanına katkı sağlayacağı düşünüldü.

Investigation of the antibacterial and anticarcinogenic effects of Inula viscosa methanol and hexane extracts

Objective: Inula viscosa is a perennial medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. This study aimed at investigating the antibacterial and anticarcinogenic activities of methanol and hexane extracts derived from I. viscosa. Methods: The antibacterial activity of different concentrations of I. viscosamethanol (1.56-800 mg/ml) and hexane (0.19-100 mg/ml) extracts was tested using the disc diffusion method. Listeria monocytogenes , Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were used as standard reference strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the extracts were made for each bacteria using the microdilution method. MIC value was determined as the lowest extract concentration at which growth was not observed. Minimum bactericide concentrations (MBC) were determined for all wells after MIC. The anticarcinogenic activity of I. viscosa was examined using the MTT test. MDA-MB-231 and HT-29 cells were stained with acridine orange and propidium iodide at the IC50 values of the extracts to determine the viable, apoptotic and necrotic cells. Results: Zone diameters of the methanol extract for L. monocytogenes, M. luteus, E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 8, 16, 7 and 9 mm, respectively. Zone diameters of the hexane extract for M. luteus, E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 14, 7 and 9 mm, respectively. MIC values of the methanol extract were 25 mg/ml for M. luteus, 200 mg/ml for L. monocytogenes and K. pneumoniae, and 400 mg/ml for E. coli. MIC values of the hexane extract were 400 mg/ml for L. monocytogenes, E. coli ve K. pneumoniae, and 100 mg/ml for M. luteus. MBC values were similar to MIC values. IC50 values for MDA-MB-231 and HT-29 cells were 25 mg/ml and 200 mg/ ml for the methanol extract, and 6.25 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml for the hexane extract, respectively. Depending on increased concentration levels, the presence of necrotic and early apoptotic cells was observed among MDA-MB-231 and HT-29 cells. Conclusion: Methanol and hexane extracts of I. viscosa were found to have antibacterial effects on the studied bacteria and anticarcinogenic activity on MDA- MB-231 and HT-29 cells. Conducting further studies to demonstrate the effects of these extracts on different cancer cell lines and bacterial strains will contribute to the field of complementary medicine.

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