Okuduğunu Anlama Öğretiminin Tarihsel Arka Planı

Kuramsal nitelikteki bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı eğitim kuramları, yaklaşımları ve modellerine göre okuduğunu anlama öğretiminin nasıl ele alındığını ve dönüştüğünü tarihsel bir çerçeve içinde konumlandırmaktır. Çalışmada okuduğunu anlama öğretimi üç dönemde ele alınmıştır: davranışçı ekolün belirleyici olduğu 1975 öncesi dönem; bilişsel yaklaşımın, bilgi işleme kuramının ve sosyo-kültürel yaklaşımın etkili olduğu 1975-1990 yılları arasındaki dönem ve son olarak literatür kuramı, okur-tepki teorisi ve kültürel teorinin öne çıktığı 1990 sonrası dönem. Böyle bir tarihsel bakışın konuyla ilgili okuma vizyonunu genişletmeye, günümüzdeki uygulama ve araştırmaların köklerinin geçmişe uzanan bir miras olduğunu görebilmeye ve de okuduğunu anlama öğretimindeki güncel sorunların analizine farklı boyutlardan yaklaşılmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda okuduğunu anlama öğretiminin tarihsel süreçte sırasıyla fizyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyolojik olana doğru evrilen bir süreç izlediği görülmüştür. Çalışmanın temel önerisi araştırmacıların okuduğunu anlama öğretimine ilişkin kuram ve modelleri birbirinden ayırarak ve basitleştirerek değil, aksine bütünleştirerek ve her bir kuram ve modelin anlama öğretimine kendi perspektifi ile katkı sunduğunu bilerek araştırmalar yapmalarıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Okuduğunu Anlama, Okuduğunu Anlama Stratejileri, Okuduğunu Anlama Öğretimi, Tarihsel Bakış

Historical Background of Reading Comprehension Instruction

The aim of this theoretical study is to situate how reading comprehension instruction has been handled and transformed based on different educational theories, approaches and models within a historical framework. In the study, reading comprehension instruction is examined in three periods which are the pre-1975 period in which the behaviorist theory was dominant; the period between 1975 and 1990 in which the cognitive approach, information processing theory and socio-cultural approach were effective; and finally the post-1990 period in which literature theory, reader-response theory and cultural theory were prominent. It is considered that such a historical perspective will contribute to expand the vision of reading on the subject, to see that the roots of current practices and research are a heritage dating back to the past, and to approach the analysis of current problems in reading comprehension instruction from different dimensions. As a result of the study, it was seen that reading comprehension instruction followed a process evolving towards the physiological, psychological and sociological one, respectively, in the historical process. The main recommendation of the study is that researchers should conduct research not by separating and simplifying the theories and models of reading comprehension instruction, but by integrating them and knowing that each theory and model contribute to comprehension instruction from their own perspectives.

Keywords:

Reading Comprehension, Reading Comprehension Strategies, Reading Comprehension Instruction, Historical Overview,

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