Dilek AYKIR, Şakir FURAL, Serkan KÜKRER, Yunus Emre MUTLU

Kıyı ekosistemlerinde ekolojik riskin zamansal değişiminin izlenmesi: Edremit Lagünü (Balıkesir) örneği

Kıyı oku gibi bir kum bariyeri ile denizden ayrılmış sığ su kütlesi olan lagünler, son derece zenginve hassas ekosistemlerdir. Ancak, son yıllarda yapılan bilimsel araştırmalar lagün ekosistemlerininantropojenik etkiler nedeniyle ekolojik risk sorunları yaşadığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanınamacı; Edremit ilçesi (Balıkesir, Türkiye) sınırlarında yer alan Edremit Lagünü’nde potansiyel toksikelement (PTE) kaynaklı ekolojik risk seviyesinin zamansal değişimini analiz etmektir. Çalışmakapsamında; lagünden 1 adet 28 cm uzunluğunda karot alınmıştır. Sediment örnekleri kullanılarakklorofil bozunma ürünleri, toplam organik karbon ve PTE konsantrasyonları analiz edilmiştir.Zenginleşme faktörü ve jeoakümülasyon indeksi ile PTE’lerin doğal-antropojenik kaynakları tespitedilmiştir. Modifiye ekolojik risk indeksi ve modifiye potansiyel ekolojik risk indeksiyle ekolojik riskseviyesi belirlenmiştir. Toksik risk seviyesi toksik risk indeksi ile analiz edilmiştir. PTE’lerin muhtemelkaynakları çok değişkenli istatistiksel analizlerle belirlenmiş, Arc – Map 10.5 yazılımıyla haritalamaişlemleri yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen bulgulara göre; Mo ve Mn dışında hiçbirPTE zenginleşmemiştir. Cd hariç hiçbir PTE ekolojik risk yaratmamaktadır. Lagünde düşük seviyedeekolojik ve toksik risk bulunmaktadır. Hg, As ve Mn gelecekte ekolojik ve toksik riski arttırabilecekPTE’ler olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu nedenle; Hg, As, Mn’nin lagün ekosistemine deşarjının sınırlandırılmasıiçin gerekli önlemlerin alınması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kıyı ekosistemi, Ekolojik risk, Toksik risk, Potansiyel toksik element kirliliği.

Monitoring the temporal change of ecological risk in coastal ecosystems: The case of Edremit Lagoon, (Balıkesir, Türkiye)

Lagoons, which a shallow body of water separated from the sea by a sand barrier, such as acoastal arrow, are extremely rich and sensitive ecosystems. However, recent scientific studiesshow that lagoon ecosystems undergo ecological risk problems due to anthropogenic effects.This study aimed to analyze the temporal variation of the ecological risk level caused bypotentially toxic elements (PTEs) in Edremit Lagoon located in the borders of Edremit district(Balıkesir, Türkiye). A 28-cm core was taken from the lagoon. Chlorophyll degradation products,total organic carbon and PTE concentrations were analyzed using sediment samples. Thenatural-anthropogenic sources of PTEs were determined by the enrichment factor and thegeoaccumulation index. The ecological risk level was determined with the modified ecologicalrisk index and the modified potential ecological risk index. Toxic risk level was analyzed bytoxic risk index. PTE’s possible sources were determined by multivariate statistical analysisand mapping was done with Arc – Map 10.5 software. According to the findings, no PTE wasenriched except for Mo and Mn. No PTE was found to pose an ecological risk except for Cd. A lowlevel of ecological and toxic risk existed in the lagoon. Hg, As and Mn have been identified as thePTEs that may increase ecological and toxic risk in the future. Therefore, it is recommended totake necessary measures to limit the discharge of Hg, As, Mn into the lagoon ecosystem.

Keywords:

Coastal ecosystem, Ecological risk, Toxic risk, Potentially toxic element pollution,

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