A Conceptual Study On The Dıfferences Between The Leadershıp Behavıors Of Female And Male Managers In The Tourısm Sector
With the Industrial Revolution, it is seen that women enter the working life economically. Apart from being a wife and mother, there are some factors that enable women to enter the working life economically. Especially after the Second World War, with the decrease in the male population, the need for the working workforce increased and it can be said that this situation enables women to take more part in business life.
The main purpose of the study is to explain the differences, if any, in the leadership behaviors of male and female managers in working life and the reasons for these differences by considering them in the tourism sector. There are many studies in the literature on management, leadership behaviors of managers, and leadership characteristics. This study is important in terms of considering the differences between the leadership behaviors of male and female managers in the tourism sector. In addition, it is examined whether there are differences in this regard abroad and in Turkey, and if there are differences, the reasons for them are tried to be explained. In the literature, it has been seen that there are very few studies that deal with the subject in tourism specific.
The study was carried out by conducting a literature search. And after the literature research, it has been determined that there are significant differences between the leadership behaviors of male and female managers. As the most important differences, while acting according to the more democratic leadership style of women; It can be said that men mostly act according to the autocratic leadership style.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Leader, Leadership, Female Male leadership, Tourism, Leadership and Management
___
- Argon, T. (2004). Opinions of administrators in primary education ınstitutions on leadership and management characteristics. Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 4(7), 81 - 98.
- Arıkan, S. (2003). Leadership behaviors of women managers an application in the banking sector. Journal of Gazi University Faculty of Economic Sciences, 5(1), Spring Term.
- Bass, B. M. (1981). Stogdill’s Handbook of Leadership, A Survey of Theory and Research, N.Y: The Free Press
- Bennis, W. (1989). On Becoming a Leader, Çev. M. Özel, USA :Addison Wesley.
- Bıttel, L.R. & Newstrom, J.W. (1990). What every supervisor should know, Sixth Edition, Australia: McGraw Hill International Edition.
- Brownell J. (2008). Leading on land and sea: Competencies and context. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(2), 137-150. doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2007.11.003
- Bryan, S. (2002). Cognıtıve Complexıty, Transformatıonal Leadershıp, And Organızatıonal Outcomes, (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation), Submitted To The Graduate Faculty of The Louisiana State University and Agricultural And Mechanical College. United States.
- Certo, S. (1997). Modern management, prentice, Mexico: Hall Int. Inc.
- Çelik, C., Önder, S. (2008). Education and gender factor in leadership perceptions: a field study in Mersin, Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 13(3), 49- 66.
- Daft, R.L. (1995). Understanding Management, USA: The Dryden Pres.
- Eagly, A. H., Karau, S. J., & Makhijani, M. G. (1995). Gender and the effectiveness of leaders: a metaanalysis. Psychological bulletin, 117(1), 125.
- Eagly, J. (1990). Gender and leadership: A meta analysis. Psychological Bulletin.108(2),233-256. Erol, E., & Koç, H. (2017). An Application for determining leadership behaviors of hospitality managers (an ımplementation to ıdentify leadership behaviors of hospitality businesses managers), Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies 5/4 (2017), 566-580.
- Genç, N. (2005). Management and organization contemporary systems and approaches, Ankara: Seçkin Publishing House.
- Heinan, H. S.,& McGlauchin, D.& Legeros, C. & Freeman, H. ( 1975) .Developing the women manager. Personnel Journal, 54, 282-286.
- Hellriegel, D., &Slocum, J.W. (1992). Management. U.S.A: Addison- Wesley Publishing Co.
- Hennig, M.,& Anne J. (1977). The menagerial woman: The Survival Manual for Women in Business. USA:Anchor Press.
- Krech, D. (1962). Crutchfield RS and ballachey el, ındividual in society.USA: McGraw-Hill
- Kozak, M. A. (1999). Human resources management and case studies in hotel businesses. Ankara: Detay Publishing.
- Kozak, N. & Kozak, A.M.,& Kozak M. (2011). General tourism Principles concepts. Ankara. Detay Publishing.
- Ma, E., & Qu, H. (2011). Social exchanges as motivators of hotel employees’ organizational citizenship behavior: The proposition and application of a new three-dimensional framework. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(3), 680-688.
- Maccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C. N. (1974). Myth, reality and shades of gray: What we know and don’t know about sex differences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- McCarthy, A. A. (2005, 19 Mart). Male versus female intelligence: Does gender matter? Retrieved from www.community.healthgate.com. Mülkiyeliler Vakfı (1983). Women, leadership, management. İstanbul.
- Ott, J. S. (1989). Organizational culture perspeetive. Pasifie Grove, CA Brooks/Cole.
- Schermerhorn, J.R., (1984). Management for Productivitiy, New York: John Wiley & Sons. Statham, A. (1987). The gender model revisited: Differences in the management styles of men and women. Sex Roles, 16, 7/8.
- Şener, B. (1997). Management and organization in modern hotel businesses. 2nd Edition, Ankara: Gazi Bookstore.
- Tekin, S. (2008). Magical leaders. İstanbul: Hourglass Publications.
- Tuna. M., & Yeşiltaş, M. (2023). The ethical dimension of leadership: The perception of ethical leadership by employees in hotel business. Journal of Business Research. 5(3),184-209.
- Uzun, G. (2005). Differences Between Leadership Behaviors of Female and Male Managers and an Application in the Banking Sector, Unpublished Master Thesis, Çukurova University.
- Yıldızdoğan, M. (1994). On managerial leadership, governance. Istanbul
- Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
- Başlangıç: 2020
- Yayıncı: Turizm Akademisyenleri Derneği