Tarımsal pazarlama: Faydaları, zorlukları ve stratejileri üzerine kavramsal bir çerçeve

Tarım, insanların ihtiyaç duyduğu temel gıdaları üreterek yaşamlarını sürdürmelerine yardımcı olmaktadır. Küresel ekonominin en kritik sektörlerinden biri olan tarım, ekonomik kalkınmanın da yapıtaşını oluşturmaktadır. Tarımsal pazarlama, çiftçiler tarafından üretilen ürünlerin, çiftliklerden nihai tüketicilere taşınmasında yer alan tüm işlemleri ve bunları yürüten kurumları ve kişileri kapsamaktadır. Tarımsal pazarlama, ilk tarımsal üretim noktasından nihai tüketicinin eline geçene kadar ürün/ hizmet akışında yer alan tüm ticari faaliyetlerdir. Tarımsal pazarlama, tarım sektörünün büyümesinin ana itici gücüdür. Tarımsal pazarlama, işsizliğin azaltılması, çiftlik gelirlerinde artış, tarıma dayalı endüstrilerin büyümesi, yurtiçi ve yurtdışı pazarlara erişimi genişletme gibi birçok avantaj sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışma tarımsal pazarlama için geniş bir teorik bir çerçeve oluşturmaya odaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışma, tarımsal pazarlamanın faydaları, tarımsal pazarlamada karşılaşılan zorluklar ve tarımsal pazarlama stratejilerini de inceleyerek pazarlama yöneticilerine ve kamu yetkililerine ilgili kararları alırken yardımcı olmayı hedeflemektedir.

___

  • Acharya, S. (2006). Agricultural marketing and rural credit for strengthening Indian agriculture. India Resident Mission Policy Brief Series, Asian Development Bank, 1-14.
  • Akhmadi, H. (2018, November). Use of information and communication technology (ICT) on agricultural marketing in Indonesia: A brief literature review. Advances in Engineering Research, 172, 4th International Conference on Food and Agriculture Resources, 283-286. 10.2991/fanres-18.2018.57 .
  • Anderson, K. (2010, September 27). Globalization’s effects on world agricultural trade, 1960-2050. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1554), 3007-3021. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0131.
  • Barrett, C. ve Mutambatsere , E. (2008, June 26). Agricultural markets in developing countries . The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition, Lawrence E. Blume, Steven N. Durlauf, (eds) London, Palgrave Macmillan, SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1142518
  • Birthal, P., Jha, A. ve Singh, H. (2007). Linking farmers to markets for high-value agricultural commodities. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 20 (Conf), 425-439. 10.22004/ag.econ.47437.
  • Bomble, M. ve Mote, D. (2021, June). An analysis of challenges faced by farmers in production and marketing of agricultural products. Vidyabharati International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 12(2), 285-290.
  • Britz, W. ve Delzeit, R. (2013, November). The impact of German biogas production on European and global agricultural markets, land use and the environment. Energy Policy, 62, 1268-1275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.123.
  • Buccola, S. (2014). Agricultural cooperatives. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biologicalsciences/agricultural-marketing , Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • Champika, P. ve Abeywickrama, L. (2014). An evaluation of maize contract farming system in Sri Lanka: Adoption, problems and future prospects. Tropical Agricultural Research, 26(1), 62-73.
  • Chand, R. (2012, December 29). Development policies and agricultural markets. Economic and Political Weekly, 53-63. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41720551.
  • Chand, R. (2016, July 9). E-platform for national agricultural market. Economic and Political Weekly, 15-18. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44004535.
  • Erokhin, V., Ivolga, A. ve Heijman, W. (2014). Trade liberalization and state support of agriculture: Effects for developing countries. Agricultural Economics, 60(11), 524-537.
  • Fafchamps, M., Gabre-Madhin, E. ve Minten, B. (2005, December). Increasing returns and market efficiency in agricultural trade. Journal of Development Economics, 78 (2), 406-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2004.10.001.
  • Gillespie, G., Hilchey, D., Hinrichs, C. ve Feenstra, G. (2007). Farmers markets as keystones in rebuilding local and regional food systems. Remaking the North American Food System: Strategies for Sustainability, 65- 83.
  • Girma, Y. ve Abebe, A. (2019, October). ICTs and agricultural marketing in Africa: A review. Information and Knowledge Management, 9 (10), 11-17.
  • Gitau, R., Mburu, S., Mathenge, M. ve Smale, M. (2011). Trade and agricultural competitiveness for growth, food security and poverty reduction: A case of wheat and rice production in Kenya. Egerton University, Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development.
  • Giuliano, P. ve Scalise, D. (2009, August 6). The political economy of agricultural market reforms in developing countries. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 9(1), Article 33. https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-1682.2023.
  • Grethe, H. (2007, May 3). The challenge of integrating EU and Turkish agricultural markets and policies. International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology, 6(4-5), 440-459. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJARGE.2007.013506.
  • Hardesty, S. ve Leff, P. (2010, November 18). Determining marketing costs and returns in alternative marketing channels. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 25(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170509990196.
  • https://agribusinessedu.com/what-is-the-scope-and-importance-of-agricultural-marketing/ (2022). What is the scope and importance of Agricultural. Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/64807/RRRP_02-2_Eng_pack.pdf?sequence=1 (2022). Marketing Strategies for small scale farmers. Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/agriculture (2022). Agriculture. Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/agriculture (2022). The art and Science of Agriculture. Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • https://eraiturkey.com/news/the-agriculture-industry-in-turkey/ (2020). The Agriculture Industry in Turkey. Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • https://extension.psu.edu/business-and-operations/business-management/marketing (2022). Marketing and Sales. Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • https://online.maryville.edu/blog/why-is-agriculture-important/ (2022). Why Is Agriculture Important? Benefits and Its Role. Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • https://www.avirtech.co/the-essential-agriculture-marketing-strategy-for-your-business (2022). The essential agriculture marketing strategy for your business. Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • https://www.brainkart.com/article/Importance-of-agricultural-marketing_1459/ (2016). Importance of agricultural marketing. Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • https://www.fao.org/markets-and-trade/areas-of-work/emerging-trends-challenges-andopportunities/ agricultural-markets-and-development/en/ (2022a). Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • https://www.fao.org/3/w3240e/W3240E01.htm (2022b). Agricultural And Food Marketing. Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • https://www.globalmonitor.us/product/turkey-agriculture-market (2020). Turkey Agriculture Market Trends, Statistics, Growth, and Forecasts. Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • https://www.marketing-schools.org/types-of-marketing/agricultural-marketing/#section-0 (2020). Agricultural Marketing. Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023 https://www.usda.gov/priorities (2022). Priorities. Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • Janda, R. (2013, July 11). A study on agricultural marketing and it's finance in India. TRANS Asian Journal of Marketing & Management Research, 2(6), 1-12.
  • Johnson, K. (2022). Agricultural marketing strategy. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/agricultural-marketingstrategy-61686.html , Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • Liefert, W. ve Swinnen, J. (2002). Changes in agricultural markets in transition economies. United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 33945. 10.22004/ag.econ.33945.
  • Lu, W. (2002, October). Effects of agricultural market policy on crop production in China. Food Policy, 27 (5–6), 561-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9192(02)00066-0
  • Mahajan, K. ve Tomar, S. (2020, May). Here today, gone tomorrow: COVID-19 and supply chain disruptions. American Journal of Agricultural Economics.
  • Meulenberg, M. (1986, January). The evolution of agricultural marketing theory: Towards better coordination with general marketing theory . Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 34 (3), 301-315. https://doi.org/10.18174/njas.v34i3.16784.
  • Minakov, I. ve Nikitin, A. (2019). Agricultural market development: trends and prospects. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(1), 3842-3847.
  • Mueller, R. (2001, December). E-commerce and entrepreneurship in agricultural markets. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1243-1249.
  • Nyoro, J. (2002, May). Kenya's competitiveness in domestic maize production: Implications for food security. Tegemeo Institute, Egerton University, Kenya, 1.
  • Nyoro, J., Wanzala, M. ve Awour, T. (2001, September). Increasing Kenya's agricultural competitiveness: Farm level issues. Egerton University, Tegemeo Institute Of Agricultural Policy And Development.
  • Olwande, J., Smale, M., Mathenge, M., Place, F. ve Mithöfer, D. (2015, April). Agricultural marketing by smallholders in Kenya: A comparison of maize, kale and dairy. Food Policy, 52, 22-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.02.002.
  • Petković, G. ve Uzar, D. (2020, July). Marketing channels in value creation and delivery of cheese in the Republic of Serbia. Anali Ekonomskog Fakulteta u Subotici, (43), 101-115.
  • Rajendran, G. ve Karthikesan, P. (2014). Agricultural marketing in India-an overview. Asia Pacific Journal of Research, 1(XVII), 159-164.
  • Saravanan, S. ve Maruthamuthu, K. (2021). A study on agricultural marketing with special reference to Salem District. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11(7), 2632-2668.
  • Sexton, R. (2013, November). Market power, misconceptions, and modern agricultural markets. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 95(2), 209-219.
  • Shahbandeh, M. (2022a). Share of organic agricultural land worldwide in 2020, by region. https://www.statista.com/statistics/681539/share-organic-agricultural-land-worldwide-by-region/ , Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • Shahbandeh, M. (2022b). Area of organic agricultural land in Europe in 2020, by country. https://www.statista.com/statistics/641864/organic-agricultural-land-area-european-union-eu/ , Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • Shakeel-Ul-Rehman, Selvaraj, M. ve Ibrahim, M. (2012, January). Indian agricultural marketing: A review. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2(1), 69-75. Shehu, S. ve Doko, A. (2022). Agricultural marketing finance as a paradigm for achieving economic sustainability in the post Covid-19 area in Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Research and Biotechnology, 8(1), 136-151.
  • Shilpi, F. ve Umali-Deininger , D. (2007, January). Where to sell? Market facilities and agricultural marketing. Market Facilities and Agricultural Marketing, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (4455).
  • Shilpi, F. ve Umali‐Deininger , D. (2008, October). Market facilities and agricultural marketing: Evidence from Tamil Nadu, India. Agricultural Economics, 39(3), 281-294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574- 0862.2008.00333.x.
  • Siskos, Y., Matsatsinis, N. ve Baourakis, G. (2001, April). Multicriteria analysis in agricultural marketing: The case of French olive oil market. European Journal of Operational Research, 130(2), 315-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(00)00043-6.
  • Srivastava, S. (2022). Agricultural Marketing: Concept and Definitions. http://jnkvv.org/PDF/10042020083748concept%20of%20ag%20markeing_EgEcon530.pdf , Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • Srivastava, S., Madan, S. ve Madan, S. (2021, May). A study on use of agriculture marketing in agriculture. International Journal of Modern Agriculture, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2022.102371.
  • Srujana, P., Sindhura, K., Priyatham, K., Gurjar, A. ve Reddy, B. (2022). Grading and standardization in agricultural marketing. Recent Innovative Updates in Agricultural-Horticultural Sciences.
  • Tagar, H. (2014, December). Global challenges and issues in agricultural marketing and their impact on growers performance (A case study of Sindh -Pakistan). International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 314-318.
  • Thakur, P., Mehta, P. ve Kumar , K. (2021, March). Existing status and changing scenario of agricultural produce marketing in India. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 57(1), 28-38. DOI:10.5958/2454- 552X.2021.00026.8.
  • Vadivel, M. Ve Vimal, S. (2022, May). A study on agricultural marketing in India. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management, 4 (5), 2797-2800. DOI: 10.35629/5252-040527972800.
  • Vadivelu, A. ve Kiran, B. (2013). Problems and prospects of agricultural marketing in India: An overview. International Journal of Agricultural and Food Science, 3(3), 108-118.
  • Walsh, K. (2022). Postharvest regulation and quality standards on fresh produce. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/agricultural-marketing , Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • Wunsch, N. G. (2022a). Agricultural land in use and value of the agricultural production worldwide from 1961 to 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1314511/agricultural-land-use-and-agricultural-productionvalues/, Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • Wunsch, N. G. (2022b). Leading global importers of agricultural products in 2020, by country. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1332314/leading-countries-worldwide-by-value-of-agriculturalproducts-imported/ , Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023
  • Wunsch, N. G. (2022c). Leading global exporters of agricultural products in 2020, by country. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1332329/leading-countries-worldwide-by-value-of-agriculturalproducts- exported/ , Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023