Mahşuk TAYLAN, Nadi BAKIRCI, Aylin BABALIK, Leyla BOSTAN, Şule KIZILTAŞ, Yelda BAŞBUĞ, C. Haluk ÇALIŞIR

Biomass smoke exposure as a serious health hazard for women

Giriş: Özellikle kadınlarda, sağlığa zararlı partikülleriyle birlikte biomass, akciğer hastalıklarına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, kadınlarda akciğer hastalığına sebep olan biomass maruziyetini araştırmak için planlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metod: Eylül 2008-Mart 2009 tarihleri arasında Süreyyapaşa Göğüs Hastalıkları ve Göğüs Cerrahisi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde yatırılarak tedavi edilen kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH), astım, bronşektazi, tüberküloz veya interstisyel akciğer hastalığı olan toplam 100 kadın (ortalama yaş 55.13 ± 17.65 yıl) hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Biomass maruziyeti konusunda veri toplanması, hastanede meslek, eğitim seviyesi, doğum yeri, ısıtma ve pişirme sırasında biomass dumanına maruz kalma (tezek, odun, kömür, kuru bitkiler) ve maruziyet yılı değerlendirildi. Bulgular: KOAH (%22), akciğer kanseri (%12), bronşit (%8), tüberküloz (%26) ve interstisyel akciğer hastalığı (%17) olan kadınlar çalışmaya dahil edildi. En sık saptanan meslek ev hanımlığı idi (%86). Sigarayı aktif kullananların, bırakmış olanların ve hiç kullanmamış olanların oranları sırasıyla %6, %22 ve %72 idi. Hastaların %67’si köyde, %9’u ilçede doğmuştu. Bölge dağılımına göre, en sık bölge %29 oranıyla İç Anadolu Bölgesi idi. Biomassa maruziyet en sık, odun (%92), tezek (%30), kömür (%23) ve kuru bitkiler (%23) ile olmaktadır. Ortalama maruziyet yılı odun için 52.6 (17.6) yıl, tezek için 40.8 (17.9) yıl, kuru bitkiler için 48.1 (20.8) yıl ve kömür için 38.5 (21.4) yıldı. En sık biomass maruziyeti, %97 oranıyla köyde, %79 oranıyla şehirde ve %89 oranıyla tüm ülkede şeklindeydi. Sonuç: Bizim bulgularımız, kadınlarda biomass maruziyetinin önemini göstermektedir. Aynı zamanda kadınlar ve çocuklar için maruziyet seviyesini ölçen detaylı analitik epidemiyolojik çalışmalara gerek olduğunu gösterir.

Kadınlarda önemli bir sağlık tehdidi olarak biomass maruziyeti

Introduction: Lung diseases caused by biomass exposure cause a significant health hazard particularly amongst women. The present study was designed to investigate biomass exposure in women suffering from lung disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 women [mean (SD) age: 55.13 (17.65) years] hospitalized for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis or interstitial lung disease were included in this study conducted between September 2008-March 2009 in three chest disease clinics at Sureyyapasa Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital. Data collection on biomass exposure was based on application of hospital-based survey questionnaire including items on occupation, level of education, place of birth (location, region), exposure to bi- omass fuel fumes for heating and cooking purposes (animal dung, wood, charcoal, dried plant) and years of exposure with animal dung, wood, charcoal, dried plant. Results: COPD in 22% patients, lung carcinoma in 12%, bronchitis in 8%, tuberculosis in 26%, and interstitial lung disease in 17% were the diagnosis for hospitalization. The most identified occupation was housewifery 86%. Active, former and nonsmokers composed 6%, 22% and 72% of the population. Birth place was village in 67% patients while districts in 9%. Accor- ding to regional distribution, the most common place of birth was Central Anatolia region in (29%). Exposure to biomass fuels was identified in all of patients including wood (92%), animal dung (30%), charcoal (23%), and dry plant (23%). Me- an (SD) years of exposure was identified to be 52.6 (17.9) years for wood, 40.8 (17.9) years for animal dung, 48.1 (20.8) years for dry plant and 38.5 (21.4) years for charcoal. The most common type of biomass exposure was wood in village (97%), city (79%) and county (89%). Conclusion: Findings indicating impact of biomass exposure in women seem to emphasize the need for analytic epidemi- ologic studies assessment measuring biomass exposure levels-particularly for women and young children.

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