PINAR YALÇIN BALÇIK, SERAP TAŞKAYA, BAYRAM ŞAHİN

Sağlık Okur-Yazarlığı

Günümüz bilgi çağı olup, bu çağda bireylerin kendi hastalıklarını tanıyabilmeleri, bulguları belirleyebilmeleri ve kendileri için iyi olduğunu düşündükleri kararları alabilmeleri beklenmektedir. Sağlık hizmetlerinin etkinliği, etkililiği ve kalitesi de, sağlık hizmetini alan bireylerin kendi sağlıkları konusunda verdikleri bu kararlara bağlı kalmaktadır. Uygun sağlık kararlarının alınması ise, bireylerin sağlıkla ilgili temel bilgilere erişme, bu bilgileri işleme ve anlama kapasitesinin derecesi anlamına gelen sağlık okur-yazarlığı seviyeleri tarafından belirlenmektedir. Sağlık okur-yazarlığının fonksiyonel sağlık okur-yazarlığı (sağlık bilgilerini anlamak ve kullanmaya yönelik okuma ve yazma becerilerine sahip olma), iletişimsel sağlık okur-yazarlığı (sağlık sunucuları ile iletişim kurabilme konusunda bilişsel becerilere sahip olma) ve eleştirel sağlık okur-yazarlığı (ileri düzeyde bilişsel, sosyal becerilere ve eleştirel düşünebilme kabiliyetine sahip olma) olmak üzere üç önemi boyutu bulunmaktadır. Tüm bu becerilerin düşük olması durumunda, bireylerin sağlık durumları kötüleşmekte, hastalar koruyucu sağlık hizmetlerini daha az, tıbbi hizmetleri daha fazla kullanmakta, tedavilerini daha az anlamakta ve tedaviye uyumları daha düşük düzeyde olmaktadır. Düşük sağlık okur-yazarlığı sadece bireyler için değil, aynı zamanda sağlık yöneticileri ve politika yapıcılar açısından da, maliyetleri ve sağlık hizmeti kullanımını arttırdığından dolayı, sağlık hizmetlerinin yeniden organize edilebilmesi ve yapılandırılmasında büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ancak sağlık okur-yazarlığı 1970li yıllardan beri uluslararası literatürde tartışılmasına ve geçen son on yıldan beri konu üzerindeki araştırmaların yapımı hız kazanmasına rağmen, Türkiyede bu konuda yeterince çalışma yapılmadığı görülmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın amacı sağlık okuryazarlığı konusunda genel bir değerlendirme yaparak, konu ile ilgili ulusal literatüre katkıda bulunmaktır.

[Health Literacy]

Today is knowledge age and in this era, individuals are expected to interpret their disease, determine symptoms and make decisions on their health that is good for themselves. The efficiancy, effectiveness and quality of health care depends on health care services users decisions. These decisions are determined by health literacy level which is defined as the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand the basic health information to make appropriate health decisions. There are three types of health literacy: functional health literacy (reading and writing skills to understand and use health information), interactive health literacy (cognitive skills to interact with health-care providers) and critical health literacy (advanced cognitive, social skills and ability to critically thinking). If all of these skills are low, people are poorer overall health, they are use less preventive health care services and more medical services for their diseases, they have a poorer understand of treatment and a lower level of adherence to medical regimes. Limited health literacy is not only an individual problem, it is also important for health care manager and policy makers to organise and structure of health care services because of the increasing health services utilization and huge cost. Although the term health literacy has discussed since 1970s, and has grown tremendously in the past decade, there are not enough researchs on this subject in Türkiye. The aim of the study is to make an overall assessment about health literacy and is to contribute to the national literature on subject.

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