Rıdvan ÇETİN, Gül Betül GÜVEN, Vildan TUNÇBİLEK, Sedat DEVELİ, Ömer AYKUTLUĞ, Ahmet KORKMAZ

Mikroorganizmalar ve insan vücudu ile olan etkileşimleri

Dünya üzerinde aynı anda yaşayan insan sayısını, bakteri sayısına oranlarsak karşımıza 1/1018gibi bakteriler lehine oldukça büyük bir oran çıkmaktadır. Böylesine kalabalık bir topluluk ile sürekli ilişki içinde bulanmak durumunda olan insanoğlunun bu ilişkilerini incelemek bir zorunluluk olmuştur. Ancak yapılan çalışmalarda genellikle insan için zararlı olan bakteriler ön planda tutulmuş, insan için yararlı olan bakteriler göz ardı edilmiştir. Bu durum enfeksiyon hastalıklarında tam iyileşmeye kadar varan başarılar sağlamıştır. Aynı zaman diliminde kronik hastalıklar (Tip II Diyabet, Hipertansiyon, Obezite, Metabolik Send. vb.) büyük bir hızla artmış ve bu hastalıklarda remisyon dahi başarı sayılmıştır. Özellikle, kronik hastalıkların etyopataogenezinin belli oranda hipotezlerden ibaret olması ve tam açıklama getirilememiş olması, söz konusu hastalıklara zemin hazırlayan faktörlerin yeterince anlaşılamamış, hatta bazılarının göz ardı edilmesinden kaynaklanmış olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Belki de burada kaçırılan noktalardan biri, patojen bakterilere odaklanılması ve patojenlerin haricinde insan için yararlı bakterilerin insan ile ilişkilerinin yeterince incelenmemiş olmasıdır. Bu noktaya biraz daha dikkat edilmesi ile artan araştırmaların önüne büyük bir sorun çıkmıştır: İnsan vücudu, pek çoğu yüzey antijenine sahip bu bakterileri patojen ya da non-patojen diye nasıl ayırmaktadır? Bu makalede patojen mikroorganizmalar, flora ve bunların insan ile olan ilişkileri açıklanıp patojen ve non-patojen ayrımının konak tarafından nasıl yapıldığı hakkındaki üç majör hipotez açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır

Microorganisms and their interaction with human body

If we compare the number of human beings to the number of bacteria living on the earth at the same time, it appears a proportion as around 1/1018 in favor of bacteria. Analyzing the association of the human beings in relation with such a crowded community has become a necessity. However, studies have generally been focused on the noxious bacteria and non-noxious bacteria have been ignored. This circumstance has been provided a variety of achievements including full recovery of the infection diseases. During the same period, chronical diseases have been increased at a great pace (dramatically) and even remission has been accepted to be quite an achievement. It is expected that, especially, particular etiopathogenesis of chronical diseases being associated with hypothesis and not clarified implicitly can be grounded on that, the factors inducing the diseases are not appear enough and some of them are even disregarded. Possibly, the missing point is that, the pathogens were majored on and non-pathogen bacteria's relation with human beings has not been analyzed sufficiently. Attending to this point, increasing studies faced to a big problem: how can the human body discriminate the bacteria, most of them have surface antigens, as pathogen or non-pathogen? In this review, pathogen microorganisms, flora and their relation with human beings have been attempted to consider and three major hypotheses about host discrimination between pathogens and non-pathogens have been intended to explain

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