GÖKHAN METİN, MİNE KUCUR, FERRUH KEMAL İŞMAN, Mehmet ALTAN, MURAT MENGİ, Lütfi ÇAKAR, Koray GÜMÜŞTAŞ, Emel ZENGİN

The effect of regular training with vitamin e supplementation on the thioredoxine system in rats

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı düzenli yüzme antrenmanı ve E vitamini desteğinin, oksidan strese karşı savunmada anahtar rol oynayan tiyoredoksin sistem üzerine olan etkilerini araştırmaktı. Düzenli fiziksel egzersizin dokuların (karaciğer, beyin ve akciğer) antioksidan savunmaları ile egzersiz tarafından tetiklenen duyarlılıkları üzerine etkilerini belirlemek için tiyoredoksin redüktaz (TrxR) aktivitesi araştırıldı. Gereçler ve Yöntemler: Dört grup erkek sıçan kullanıldı. İki gruba dokuz hafta süreyle yüzme antrenmanı yaptırıldı. Antrene ve sedanter birer gruba haftada dört gün E vitamini enjeksiyonu gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Antrene grupların tiobarbitürik asit reaktif ürün (TBARS) düzeyleri karaciğer ve beyinde anlamlı olarak düşüktü (p

E vitamini ve düzenli antrenmanın sıçanların tiyoredoksin sistemi üzerine olan etkisi

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of both regular swimming training and vitamin E supplementation on the thioredoxin system, one of the key player in defense against oxidative stress. In order to examine the effects of regular physical exercise on the antioxidant defenses of tissues and on their susceptibility to damage induced by exercise, the activity of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) have been determined. Materials and Methods: Four groups of male rats were used. Two groups were trained to swim for nine weeks. One trained and one sedentary group received vitamin E supplementation for four days a week. Results: Thiobarbituric acid-reacting substance (TBARS) levels of the trained group significantly decreased (p<0.01) in the liver and the brain. Meanwhile, both regular exercise and vitamin E supplementation caused increases (p<0.001) in TrxR activities in all tissues. Conclusion: These results suggest that increased activity of TrxR is an important oxidative response of the thioredoxin system and plays an important protection role against protein damage. It is also likely that vitamin E depletion in oxidative stress may require recycling process of this molecule in relation to TrxR, supporting with the TrxR activities of tissues in both trained and vitamin E-supplemented group.

PDF

___

1) Banerjee AK, Mandal A, Chanda D, Chakraborti S. Oxidant, antioxidant and physical exercise. Mol Cell Biochem 2003;253:307-12.
2) Ji LL. Exercise and oxidative stress: role of the cellular antioxidant systems. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 1995;23:135-66.
3) Schneider CD, de Oliveira AR. Oxygen free radicals and exercise: mechanisms of synthesis and adaptation to the physical training. Rev Bras Med Esporte 2004;10:314-8.
4) Holmgren A. Antioxidant function of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems. Antioxid Redox Signal 2000;2:811-20.
5) Holmgren A. Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems. J Biol Chem 1989;264:13963-6.
6) Holmgren A. Thioredoxin. Annu Rev Biochem 1985;54:237-71.
7) Holmgren A, Björnstedt M. Thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Methods Enzymol 1995;252:199-208.
8) Sun QA, Kirnarsky L, Sherman S, Gladyshev VN. Selenoprotein oxidoreductase with specificity for thioredoxin and glutathione systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2001;98:3673-8.
9) Gasdaska JR, Harney JW, Gasdaska PY, Powis G, Berry MJ. Regulation of human thioredoxin reductase expression and activity by 3'-untranslated region selenocysteine insertion sequence and mRNA instability elements. J Biol Chem 1999;274:25379-85.
10) Taniguchi Y, Taniguchi-Ueda Y, Mori K, Yodoi J. A novel promoter sequence is involved in the oxidative stress-induced expression of the adult T-cell leukemia-derived factor (ADF)/human thioredoxin (Trx) gene. Nucleic Acids Res 1996;24:2746-52.
11) Kim YC, Yamaguchi Y, Kondo N, Masutani H, Yodoi J. Thioredoxin-dependent redox regulation of the antioxidant responsive element (ARE) in electrophile response. Oncogene 2003;22:1860-5.
12) Horwitt MK. Interpretations of requirements for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin-tryptophan, and vitamin E plus comments on balance studies and vitamin B-6. Am J Clin Nutr 1986;44:973-85.
13) Van Gossum A, Shariff R, Lemoyne M, Kurian R, Jeejeebhoy K. Increased lipid peroxidation after lipid infusion as measured by breath pentane output. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48:1394-9.
14) Gohil K, Rothfuss L, Lang J, Packer L. Effect of exercise training on tissue vitamin E and ubiquinone content. J Appl Physiol 1987;63:1638-41.
15) Tiidus PM, Houston ME. Vitamin E status does not affect the responses to exercise training and acute exercise in female rats. J Nutr 1993;123:834-40.
16) Packer L. Protective role of vitamin E in biological systems. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53(4 Suppl):1050S-1055S.
17) World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. 52nd WMA General Assembly, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2000.
18) Metin G, Gümüºtaº MK, Belce A, Kayserilioglu A. The effect of regular swimming exercise on vitamin E supplemented male rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2003;111:215-6.
19) Stocks J, Dormandy TL. The autoxidation of human red cell lipids induced by hydrogen peroxide. Br J Haematol 1971;20:95-111.
20) Levine RL, Garland D, Oliver CN, Amici A, Climent I, Lenz AG, et al. Determination of carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins. Methods Enzymol 1990;186:464-78.
21) Nakamura H, Nakamura K, Yodoi J. Redox regulation of cellular activation. Annu Rev Immunol 1997;15:351-69.
22) Das KC, Guo XL, White CW. Induction of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase gene expression in lungs of newborn primates by oxygen. Am J Physiol 1999;276:L530-9.
23) Sen CK, Atalay M, Agren J, Laaksonen DE, Roy S, Hänninen O. Fish oil and vitamin E supplementation in oxidative stress at rest and after physical exercise. J Appl Physiol 1997;83:189-95.
24) Ravalec X, Le Tallec N, Carré F, de Certaines JD, Le Rumeur E. Improvement of muscular oxidative capacity by training is associated with slight acidosis and ATP depletion in exercising muscles. Muscle Nerve 1996;19:355-61.
25) Metin G, Atukeren P, Gümüºtaº MK, Belce A, Kayserilioglu A. The effect of vitamin E treatment on oxidative stress generated in trained rats. Tohoku J Exp Med 2002;198:47-53.
26) Aikawa KM, Quintanilha AT, de Lumen BO, Brooks GA, Packer L. Exercise endurance-training alters vitamin E tissue levels and red-blood-cell hemolysis in rodents. Biosci Rep 1984;4:253-7.
27) Davies KJ, Quintanilha AT, Brooks GA, Packer L. Free radicals and tissue damage produced by exercise. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1982;107:1198-205.
28) Packer L. Vitamin E, physical exercise and tissue damage in animals. Med Biol 1984;62:105-9.
29) Nordberg J, Arnér ES. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system. Free Radic Biol Med 2001;31:1287-312.
30) Antioxidant defences. In: Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC, editors. Free radicals in biology and medicine. 3rd ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 1999. p. 105-246.
31) Chappell LC, Seed PT, Briley AL, Kelly FJ, Lee R, Hunt BJ, et al. Effect of antioxidants on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in women at increased risk: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999;354:810-6.
32) Hatao H, Oh-ishi S, Itoh M, Leeuwenburgh C, Ohno H, Ookawara T, et al. Effects of acute exercise on lung antioxidant enzymes in young and old rats. Mech Ageing Dev 2006;127:384-90.
33) Aydin C, Ince E, Koparan S, Cangul IT, Naziroglu M, Ak F. Protective effects of long term dietary restriction on swimming exercise-induced oxidative stress in the liver, heart and kidney of rat. Cell Biochem Funct 2007;25:129-37.
34) Podhorska-Oko³ów M, Dziegiel P, Doliñska-Krajewska B, Dumañska M, Cegielski M, Jethon Z, et al. Expression of metallothionein in renal tubules of rats exposed to acute and endurance exercise. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2006;44:195-200.
35) Metin G, Atukeren P, Alturfan AA, Gulyasar T, Kaya M, Gumustas MK. Lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte superoxide-dismutase activity and trace metals in young male footballers. Yonsei Med J 2003;44:979-86.