Hayvansal Üretim Açısından Su Kalitesi ve İki Yönlü Etkileri

Hayvansal üretim için güvenilir ve iyi kalitede içme suyu kullanımı temel gereksinimdir. Hayvansal üretimin çevresel etkileri açısından yüzey akışı ve su kaynaklarını kirletmesi önemlidir. Ankara ilinde üç yıl sürede gerçekleştirilen (2017-2019) toplam 628 adet su analizi hayvansal üretim açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca bölgede hayvansal üretim ve gübre yönetimi su kaynaklarına potansiyel etkileri bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri bakımından sularda; toplam çözünmüş katı madde (TDS), pH, kalsiyum, sodyum, magnezyum, sülfat ve bor değerleri incelenmiştir. Genel TDS ortalaması 1003,07±75,54 mg/l bulunmuştur. TDS değerlerinde riskli olarak bildirilen 3.000 mg/l üzerinde 36 örnek (5.7%) belirlenmiştir. Hayvancılık açısından riskli olacak oranlar; sülfat için %4,9 (>1.000 mg/l); pH için %1,0 (>9,0) ve bor için %7,5 olarak belirlenmiştir. TDS risk grubu açısından oranlar düşük bulunmuştur. Bor oranlarında üst limiti geçen değerler ise yüksektir. Ankara ili için ortalama hayvancılık birimi (LU) Türkiye ortalamasına yakın 0,25 LU/ha ve toplamda Türkiye’nin toplam 16,02 milyon LU birimi içerisinde 560.838 LU olarak belirlenmiştir. Hayvancılık yoğunluğu ilçeler arasında 0,08 LU/ha ile 0,75 LU/ha arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. Özellikle yüksek yoğunluklu alanlarda gübre depoları gözlenmeli, planlama yapılmalı ve su kaynakları üzerinde etkilerinin azaltılması için mecburi önlemler alınmalıdır.

Water Quality and Two-Way Effects in Terms of Animal Production

The use of safe, quality water sources as drinking water in livestock production is essential. Effects of livestock production on water sources by potential runoff and contamination is an environmental concern. A total of 628 water quality analyzes, carried out in Ankara province during three years (2017-2019), were evaluated in terms of animal production. In addition, the potential effects of animal production and manure management practices on water resources were evaluated. Water physicochemical properties of; total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, calcium, sodium, magnesium, sulfate and boron were evaluated. Based on the results obtained in the water analyze reports, the possible effects of water quality properties on animal production were discussed. In terms of salinity, the mean concentration of TDS was 1003,07±75,54 mg/l. TDS values above 3.000 mg/l were observed in 36 samples (5,7%) in total above the upper limit recommended for various livestock species. According to livestock requirements water samples of; 4,9% above upper limit of 1.000 mg/l for sulfate; 1,0% was above 9,0 pH, and 7,5% exceed upper limit for boron. It was found that TDS hazards are low, hence the water of the study area is suitable for livestock usage. Excessive boron levels might restrict the usage of the study area for livestock. Ankara province represent around the mean value of livestock unit (LU) in Turkey as 0,25 LU/ha and 560.838 LU in a total of 16,02 million LU in Turkey. Livestock density ranged from 0,08 LU/ha to 0,75 LU/ha between districts. Especially in the high density areas, manure depots should be monitored, planned, necessary precautions should be taken in a way to minimize the effects on water resources and to prevent water contamination.

Keywords:

Animal density, , livestock unit, , water quality, water pollution,

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