Sodyumlu Sulama Sularının Toprak Tuzluluk Değişimine Etkisi

Sodyum içeren sulama sularının kullanımı, toprakların sodyum içeriklerinin artmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Na+ içeren sulama sularının kullanımı sonucunda, topraktaki pH ve EC değerlerinin izlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Deneme tarla koşullarında, üç tekerrürlü ve beş uygulama olacak şekilde yürütülmüştür. EC değerleri <3 dS m-1 ‘den düşük olan 20 ve 40 SAR değerlerindeki sular NaCl ve NaHCO3 tuzlarından yapay olarak hazırlanmış ve damla sulama yöntemi ile uygulanmıştır. Deneme süresince on beş sulama yapılmış ve her beş yıkama sonrası alınan toprak örneklerinde belirtilen toprak tuzluluk parametrelerinin değişimi izlenmiştir. NaCI uygulamalarının her iki dozunda da toprak pHe’sının 2. dönem sonuna kadar önemli düzeyde artmadığı, hatta 2. dönem süresince sadece SAR 20 uygulamasında önemli düzeyde azaldığı ve sulama öncesi döneme benzer sonuçların olduğu, sadece kış yağışlarından sonra 3. dönemden itibaren pHe’nın artmaya başladığı belirlenmiştir. SAR 40 sulama suyu uygulamasında, NaHCO3 tuzu toprak pH'sını 4. periyodun sonunda 8.28'e yükseltirken, NaCl tuzu toprak pH'ını 7.65'e yükseltmiştir. Toprak yüzeyinde ve alt katmanlarda ECe değerlerinin özellikle NaCl’lü suyun kullanılmasıyla, her iki tuz çeşidinde de SAR daki artışa paralel olarak arttığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca 2. ve 3. dönem arasında kış yağışlarının etkisiyle tuzların üst toprak katmanından alt katmanlara taşındığı tespit edilmiştir. Başlangıç dönemindeki ortalama toprak ECe, değeri 0.60 dS m-1, NaCI uygulamasının SAR 40 dozunda 4.dönem sonunda 0-10 cm toprak derinliğinde 5.53 dS m-1 e ulaşmıştır. Sonuç olarak pHe’nın değişik SAR değerlerine sahip sulama sularının deneme süresince yapılan on beş sulama sonrasında toprakların tamponlama özelliğinden dolayı belirgin olarak değişmediği, sulama suyu tuzluluğuna bağlı olarak ECe’nin değişiminde sulama dönemleri arasında istatistiksel olarak farklılıkların olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Effect of Sodic Irrigation Water on Soil Salinity Changes

The use of sodium-containing irrigation water causes to increase the sodium content of soils. In this study, it was aimed to monitor soil pH and EC values as a result of the application of irrigation waters containing Na+. Field trial was conducted with three replicates and five treatments. Artificial irrigation waters of 20 and 40 SAR with ECs are less than 3 dS m-1 were prepared from NaCl and NaHCO3 salts separately and applied to the parcels by drip irrigation. A total of fifteen irrigation applications were performed, and soil salinity parameters were monitored from the samples taken in every five watering. It was determined that the soil pHe did not increase significantly in both doses of NaCI applications until the end of the 2nd period, even decreased significantly in only SAR 20 applications during 2nd period and had similar results to the pre-irrigation period, and the pHe started to increase only after the third period after the winter rains. Similarly, the soil pHe of NaHCO3 applications did not change until the end of 2nd period, and by 3nd periods, there were increases for both doses, especially for SAR 40. While the pH of soil with NaHCO3 salt reached to 8.28 after the 4th period, NaCl salt increased the soil pH to 7.65 in SAR 40 irrigation water treatment. The ECe values both on the soil surface and subsurface increased in harmony with the increase in SAR for both salt types, especially with the use of water with NaCl. In addition, the salts were transported from the upper soil layer to the lower layers by winter rains between the 2nd and 3nd periods. The use of irrigation water containing NaHCO3 salt had no significant effect on soil EC values. The average the initial soil ECe of 0.60 dS m-1 reached to 5.53 dS m-1 in the SAR 40 of NaCI application at 0-10 cm soil depth at the end of the 4th period. As a result, the soil pHe has not changed significantly due to the buffering capacity of the soils, with the use of irrigation waters with different SAR values for a medium period of time. ECe values on the soil surface increased especially in NaCI applications due to the increase of SAR values of the waters, except for the 3nd periods.

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