Topraksız tarımda farklı substrat miktarı ve besin çözeltisi uygulamalarının domateste beslenme ve verim kriterlerine etkisi

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 1:1 torf:perlit karışımından elde edilen üç farklı miktardaki katı ortam kültürüne (SA:600 g az, SO:1030 g orta ve SF:1490 g fazla) günlük uygulanan dört farklı besin çözeltisinin (75, 125, 175 ve 225 ml/gün) domates bitkisinde meyve, sap verimi, meyve büyüklüğü, sayısı ve yaprak ile meyvede kalsiyum ve bor kapsamlarına etkilerini belirlemektir. Substrat miktarı azaldıkça verim ve ortalama meyve ağırlığı azalmıştır. Besin çözeltisi miktarı arttıkça ortalama meyve ağırlığı hariç, verim ve bitkinin gelişimi önemli derecede artmıştır. En yüksek verim 1030 g substrat miktarında 175 ml besin çözeltisiyle elde edilmiştir. Günlük optimum besin çözeltisi miktarı saksıdaki substrat miktarına bağlı olarak değişmiştir. Meyvede Ca kapsamı substrat miktarı azaldıkça önemli derecede azalmış; fakat besin çözeltisi miktarı arttıkça artış göstermiştir. Substrat miktarının ve günlük besin çözeltisi hacminin yaprakta Ca kapsamına etkileri önemsiz bulunmuştur. Meyvede bor kapsamı substrat miktarı azaldıkça azalmış, günlük besin çözeltisi miktarı arttıkça azalmıştır. Domates meyvesinde bor kapsamı 600 g substrat ortamında genellikle düşük bulunmuştur. Günlük besin çözeltisi miktarı yaprakta bor kapsamını önemli derecede etkilememekle birlikte substrat miktarının yaprakta bor kapsamı üzerine etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. Domates yaprağının bor kapsamı 600 g substrat ortamında yetiştirilen bitkilerde düşük bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte domates yapraklarında kalsiyum ve bor yeterli seviyede bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Katı ortam, domates, substrat miktarı, günlük besin çözeltisi miktarı, verim, kalsiyum, bor

The effect of different substrate amount and nutrient solution applications on nutrition and yield criteria of tomato plant in soilless culture

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of four different doses (75, 125, 175 and 225 ml/day) of daily nutrient solution application into three different amount of substrat media (SA:600 g low, SO:030 g medium and SF:1490 g high) obtained from 1:1 peat:perlite mixture on fruit and steam yield, fruit size and number, calcium and boron contents in leaf and fruit of tomato plant. As the amount of substrate decreased, fuit yield and mean weight of the fruit decreased. As the doses of nutrient solution increased, fruit yield and growth of the plant, except mean fruit weight, significantly increased. The highest yield was obtained with 175 ml/day of nutrient solution in 1030 g of substrate amount. Optimum volume of daily nutrient solution varied depending on the substrate amount in the pot. As the substrate amount decreased, the content of Ca in tomato fruit decreased significantly, but it increased with increasing amount of nutrient solution. The effects of dose of nutrient solution and substrat amount on Ca content in the leaves were not significant. While the content of boron in fruit decreased with decreasing the substrate amount and increasing daily nutrient solution amount. The boron content in the fruit was generally found low at 600 g of substrate media. While the effect of daily nutrient solution doses on the boron content of leaves was insignificant, the effect of substrate amount on the boron content in the leaves was found significant. The boron content in the tomato leaves grown 600 g substrate media was generally low. Also, the calcium and boron content in tomato leaves was found sufficient.

Keywords:

Solid media, tomato, substrate amount, daily nutrient solution amount, yield, calcium, boron,

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