Sarımsak hasatıyla meydana gelen toprak kaybının belirlenmesi: Balıkesir-Altıeylül İlçesi örneği

Toprak erozyonu toprak degredasyonuna neden olan tehditlerden birisidir. Toprak erozyonunun toprak koşullarını, bitki verimini, biyoçeşitliliği ve insan beslenmesini tehdit ettiği bilinmektedir. Toprak kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliğini şeker pancarı, patates, havuç, sarımsak gibi bitkilerin hasatı sırasında oluşan toprak kayıpları etkilemektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı sarımsak hasatının neden olduğu toprak kaybını, kaybı etkileyen faktörleri, kaybolan topraktaki besin maddelerinin miktarını ve maliyetini belirlemektir. Sarımsak hasadı yılda 3.23 ton ha-1 toprak kaybına yol açmaktadır. Sarımsak hasatında toprak kaybındaki değişkenliğin %95’i toprağın nem içeriği, toprak bünyesi, hacim ağırlığı, kireç, organik madde, bitki sıklığı, baş ağırlığı ve sarımsak verimi açıklamıştır. Sarımsak hasatında besin maddesi kayıplarının yıllık maliyeti 10.74 dolar ha-1 olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Sarımsak hasatının neden olduğu toprak kaybı toplam toprak erozyonunun belirlenmesinde dikkate alınmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Toprak kaybı, sarımsak, besin madde kayıpları, hasat erozyonu, su kirliliği

Soil losses due to garlic harvesting: A case study Balıkesir –Altıeylül Town

Soil erosion generates a threat of soil degradation. Soil erosion exerts threats also on soil conditions, crop yield, biodiversity and human nutrition. Sustainability of soil resources is influenced by soil loss through harvesting of sugar beet, potato, carrot and garliclike plants. This study was conducted to determine soil loss through garlic harvesting, factors effecting soil loss, quantity and cost of nutrients lost through soil loss. Mean annual soil loss was 3.23 tonnes ha-1 harvest-1 for garlic. 95% of variation in soil loss due to garlic harvesting was explained by gravimetric water content, soil texture, bulk density, lime, organic matter, plant density and garlic yield. Annual cost of nutrient loss through garlic harvesting was calculated as 10.74 dollars ha-1. As a result of the research, it was suggested that soil loss caused by garlic harvest should be taken into account in determining total soil erosion.

Keywords:

Soil loss, garlic, nutrient losses, harvest erosion, water pollution,

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