YÜKSEK PERFORMANSLI İPLİKLERLE ÜRETİLMIŞ KORUYUCU ELDİVENLERİN MAHARET, MEKANIK ÖZELLİKLERİ VE YANMA DAVRANIŞLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Çalışma yerlerinde sürekli iş kazalarına maruz kalan ellerimizi korumanın en etkili yolu koruyucu eldiven kullanmaktır. Günümüzde eldivenler, hafif ve ince olmalarıyla el maharetini geliştiren ve yaralanmalardan koruyan yüksek performanslı ipliklerle üretilmektedir. Bu çalışmada para-aramid, meta-aramid ve %95/5 meta-aramid/para-aramid karışımıyla üretilmiş iplikler kullanılarak 13G eldiven makinasında eldivenler üretilmiştir. Kesme, delinme, yırtılma ve aşınma dayanımı gibi mekanik riskler EN 388 standardına uygun olarak ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca eldivenlerin mahareti ve yanma davranışları sırasıyla EN420 ve EN ISO 15025 standartlarına göre incelenmiştir. Test sonuçlarına göre para-aramid eldivenler en yüksek koruyucu performansı göstermiştir. Para-aramid liflerinin %5 olarak meta-aramid lifleriyle harmanlanması aleve maruz bırakıldığında kumaştaki büzülmeyi azaltarak kumaş kırılması ve açılmalarını önlemiştir. Bunun yanı sıra kesme, delinme ve yırtılma dayanımı değerlerinde iyileşme gözlenmiştir. Üretilen tüm eldivenler maharet testinde en yüksek seviyeyi yakalamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Koruyucu eldivenler, aramid lifleri, EN 388, eldivenlerde maharet, mekanik özellikler, yanma davranışı

INVESTIGATION OF DEXTERITY, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, AND BURNING BEHAVIOR OF PROTECTIVE GLOVES PRODUCED WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE YARNS

Using protective gloves is the most efficient way to reduce accidents at workplace because hands are often exposed to injuries. To reduce weight and thickness and to improve the dexterity and protection from injuries, gloves are now being made from high performance yarns. In this study para-aramid, meta-aramid, and 95/5% meta-aramid/para-aramid yarns were used to manufacture protective gloves on a 13 Gauge glove knitting machine. Dexterity test was carried out as proposed in EN 420 standard and mechanical risks such as cut, puncture, tear and abrasion were determined according to EN 388. The burning behavior of the gloves was measured in accordance with EN ISO 15025. The results revealed that para-aramid gloves are offering the highest protective performance. The dexterity of all the gloves performed the highest level. It was observed that blending of 5% para-aramid fibers with meta-aramid fibers reduce shrinkage of the fabric and prevents the fabric break-opening during flame exposure as well as improving the cut, tear and puncture resistance of the gloves.

Keywords:

Protective gloves, aramid fibers, EN 388, glove dexterity, mechanical properties, burning behavior,

PDF

___

1. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği, Available from: https://goo.gl/Lviomi (Accessed at 05.06.2017). 2. İş kazalarında Avrupa birincisiyiz, Available from: https://goo.gl/a9Bi7f (Accessed at 12.06.2017). 3. T.C. Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu iş kazaları, SGK istatistikleri, Available from: www.ssk.gov.tr (Accessed at 12.06.2017). 4. Davas Aksan, A., Durusoy, R., Bal, E., Kayalar, M., Ada, S. and Tanık, F. A., 2012, “Risk factors for occupational hand injuries: Relationship between agency and finger”, Am. J. Ind. Med., 55: 465–473. 5. Hertz, R. P.; Emmett, E. A., 1986, “Risk factors for occupational hand injury”, J Occup Med, Vol. 28, No 1, 1986, p. 36-41. 6. Sorock, G. S.; Lombardi, D. A.; Peng, D. K.; Hauser, R.; Eisen, E. A.; Herrick, R. F.; Mittleman, M. A., 2004a, “Glove use and the relative risk of acute hand injury: a case-crossover study”, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Vol. 1, No 3, p. 182-190. 7. Sorock, G. S.; Lombardi, D. A.; Hauser, R.; Eisen, E. A.; Herrick, R. F.; Mittleman, M. A., 2004b, “A case-crossover study of transient risk factors for occupational acute hand injury”, Occup Environ Med, Vol. 61, No 4, p.305-311. 8. Bradley, J. V., 1969, “Glove characteristics influencing control manipulability”, Human Factors, Vol. 11, No 1, p. 21-36. 9. Bradley, J. V., 1969, “Effect of gloves on control operation time”, Human Factors, Vol. 11, no1, 1969, p. 13-20. 10. Bishu, R. R.; Klute, G.; Kim, B., 1993, The Effects of Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) Gloves on Dexterity and Tactility. Designing for Diversity. The Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Vol. 2, p.826-830. 11. Brunick, A. L.; Burns, S.; Gross, K.; Tishk, M.; Feil, P., 1990, “Comparative study: the effects of latex and vinyl gloves on the tactile discrimination of first year dental hygiene students”, Clinical Preventive Dentistry, Vol. 12, No 2, p. 21-25. 12. Chandler, N. P.; Bloxham, G. P., 1990, “Effect of gloves on tactile discrimination using an endodontic model”, Int Endod.J, Vol. 23, No 2, p. 97-99. 13. Woods, J. A.; Leslie, L. F.; Drake, D. B.; Edlich, R. F., 1996, “Effect of puncture resistant surgical gloves, finger guards, and glove liners on cutaneous sensibility and surgical psychomotor skills”, J Biomed Mater Res, Vol. 33, No 1, p. 47-51. 14. Kinoshita, H., 1999, “Effect of Gloves on Prehensile Forces during Lifting and Holding Tasks”, Ergonomics, Vol. 42, No 10, p. 1372-1385. 15. Bellingar, T. A.; Slocum, A. C., 1993, “Effect of Protective Gloves on Hand Movement: An Exploratory Study”, Applied Ergonomics, Vol. 24, No 4, p. 244-250. 16. Gauvin C., Lara J., 2013, “Worker Evaluation of Manual Dexterity, Tactile Sensitivity and Comfort When Wearing Needlestick-Resistant Gloves,Exploratory Study”, IRSST Report. 17. Ciobanu R., Ionesi D., Budulan C., 2010, “Protective Gloves Against Mechanical Hazard”, TEXSCI, September 6-8, Czech Republic. 18. Ertekin,G., Oğlakcıoğlu, N., Marmaralı, A., 2012, “High Tenacity Weft Knitted Fabrics for Protective Garments , 46th IFKT Congress, Romania. 19. Oğlakçıoğlu, N., Ertekin, G., Marmaralı, A., 2014, “Yüksek Performanslı İpliklerden Üretilen Örme Kumaşların Mekanik Etkilere Karşı Dayanımlarının İncelenmesi”, Tekstil ve Mühendis, 21(95). 20. Hearle, J.W.S., 2001, High Performance Fibers, Textile Institute, CRC Woodhead Publishing. 21. Irzmanska, E., Stefko, A., 2015, Simulation Method for Assessing the End of Service Life of Gloves Used by Workers Exposed to Mineral Oils and Mechanical Factors, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 47, 61-71. 22. Dolez, P., Soulati, K., Gauvin, C., Lara, J., Vu-Khanh, T., 2012, Information Document for Selecting Gloves for Protection Against Mechanical Hazards, Available from: https://www.irsst.qc.ca/gants/en/InfoDocu.pdf, Accessed at 06.04.2017. 23. Özdemir, F., 2011, Mekanik Risklere Karşı Koruyucu Eldivenlerin Performanslarının İyileştirilmesi Üzerine Çalışmalar, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir. 24. Harrabi, L., Dolez, P.I., Vu-Khanh, T., Lara, J., Tremblay, G., Nadeau, S., Lariviere, C., 2008, Characterization of Protective Gloves Stiffness: Development of a Multidirectional Deformation Test Method, Safety Science, 46, 7, 1025-1036. 25. Klapötke, T.M., Krumm, B., Mayr, N., Steemann, F.X., Steinhauser, G. Safety Testing of Protective Gloves, Available from: http://publik.tuwien.ac.at/files/PubDat_169519.pdf, Accessed at 06.04.2017. 26. Flambard, X., Ferreira, M., Vermeulen, B., Bourbigot, S., & Poutch, F., 2003, Mechanical and Thermal Behaviors of First Choice, Second Choice and Recycled P-Aramid Fibres, Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, 3, 2, 1-13. 27. Alpyıldız, T., Rochery, M., Kurbak, A., Flambard, X., 2011, Stab and Cut Resistance of Knitted Structures: A Comparative Study, Textile Research Journal, 81, 2, 205–214. 28. Ertekin, M., Kirtay, H.E., 2016, “Cut resistance of hybrid para-aramid fabrics for protective gloves”, The Journal of The Textile Institute, 107(10), 1276- 1283. 29. EN 420 Standard. 2010, “Protective gloves - General requirements and test methods” 30. Irzmańska, E., Stefko, A., 2012, “Comparative evaluation of test methods for cut resistance of protective gloves according to polish standards”, Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe. 31. EN 388 Standard, 2003, “Protective Gloves Against Mechanical Risks”. 32. EN ISO 15025 Standard, 2017, “Protective clothing - Protection against heat and flame - Method of test for limited flame spread”. 33. Lewin, M., ed., 2007, “Handbook of Fiber Chemistry”, Crc Press, p. 1014. 34. Pourmoghani, M., 2004, “Effects of gloves and visual acuity on dexterity”, Graduate Thesis, University of South Florida, USA, p.31. 35. Bensel, C.K., 1993, “The effect of various thicknesses of chemical protective gloves on manual dexterity”, Ergonomics, 36, 687-696. 36. McIntosh, J.D., 1987, “A manual dexterity methodology and evaluatıon of selected chemical protective gloves”, West Virginia University, Morganton. 37. Plummer, R. et al., 1994, “Manual dexterity evaluation of gloves used in handling hazardous materials”, West Virginia University, Department of Industrial Engineering. 38. Saville, B.P., 1999, Physical testing of textiles, Woodhead Publishing Limited, ISBN 1 85573 367 6, Cambridge, England. 39. Škoc, M. S., & Pezelj, E., 2012, Abrasion Resistance of High Performance Fabrics. In Abrasion Resistance of Materials. InTech, p.37. 40. El Messiry, M., 2014, “Investigation of puncture behaviour of flexible silk fabric composites for soft body armour”, Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 5, 71-76. 41. Fangueiro, R., Carvalho, R., Silveira, D., Ferreira, N., Ferreira, C., Monteiro, F. and Sampaio, S., 2015, “Development of high-performance single layer weft knitted structures for cut and puncture protection”, Journal of Textile Science and Engineering, 5, 225. 42. Gunnarsson, M., Nyman, J., 1998, “Short Fibre Reinforced Elastomers.”. 43. Kotb, N., El Geiheini, A., Salman, A., Abdel – Samad, A., 2009, “Engineering of tearing strength for pile fabrics”. Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, 6(1), 1-8. 44. Vajko, R., 2008, “Making sense of cut resistance”, National Safety Ing. 45. Moreland, J. C., 2010, “Production and characterization of aramid copolymer fibers for use in cut protection”, Doctoral dissertation, Clemson University p.5. 46. Dunbar, James J., 1992,"Cut resistant yarn, fabric and gloves." U.S. Patent No. 5,119,512. 9. 47. Lawrence, C.A. ed., 2014, " High Performance Textiles and their Applications, Elsevier, p111. 48. Scott, R.A. ed., 2005, “Textiles for protection”. Elsevier, p. 536.