Zeytin sineği (Bactrocera oleae Gmelin) (Diptera:Tephritidae) 'nin yapay yumurta bırakma ortamlarının belirlenmesi

Bu çalışma zeytin sineği’nin (Bactrocera oleae Gmelin) laboratuvarda yetiştirilebilmesi için yapay yumurta bırakma ortamlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Laboratuvarda parafin karışımı, parafilm ve naylon kullanılarak üç farklı yapay yumurta bırakma ortamı oluşturulmuştur. Zeytin sineklerinin yapay ortamlara bıraktıkları günlük ortalama yumurta sayıları tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, zeytin sineği dişilerinin aynı kafeslerde test edilen ortamlardan naylon konileri tercih ederek en fazla yumurtayı 9 gün-yaşta (131.00 ± 2.64 adet/gün) ve en az yumurtayı ise 18 gün-yaşta (52.00 ± 6.35 adet/gün) bıraktıkları belirlenmiştir. Dişiler çiftleştikten sonra kafeslerden erkek bireylerin çıkarılması, dişilerin yumurta verimine olumsuz etki etmiştir. Yalnız çiftleşmiş dişilerin ve hem dişi hem erkeklerin birlikte bulunduğu kafeslerde sırasıyla 9 gün-yaşta (70.22 ± 15.92 ve 75.77 ± 16.84 adet/gün ) ve 18 gün-yaşta (35.44 ± 8.72 ve 49.88 ± 12.03 adet/gün) yumurta bırakılmıştır. Konukçu içine yumurta bırakan zeytin sineği, laboratuvarda doğal konukçusuna gerek kalmadan yapay ortamlara yumurta bırakabilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

konuk tercihi, yumurtlama, Tephritidae, Bactrocera oleae

Determination of artificial oviposition substrates for olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae Gmelin (Diptera: Tephritidae)

This study was conducted to determine artificial oviposition substrates for olive fruit fly in the laboratory. Three-different oviposition substrates, paraffin mixture, parafilm and nylon were prepared and tested for their suitability as egging substrates in the laboratory. The average numbers of eggs laid by olive fruit fly were determined for each oviposition substrate. As a result, females of olive fruit flies preferred and laid the highest amount of eggs on nylon cones at 9 day-old (131.00 ± 2.64 number/day), and the least amount of eggs laid at 18 day-old (52.00 ± 6.35 number/day). After mating, removing of males from the cages had a negative effect in female’s egg productivity. The number of laid eggs in the cages having only mated females and both males and females at 9 day-old (70.22 ± 15.92 ve 75.77 ± 16.84 number/day ), and 18 day-old (35.44 ± 8.72 ve 49.88 ± 12.03 number/day) respectively. Although, olive fruit flies normally lay eggs inside the host, they also lay eggs in artificial oviposition substrates in the laboratory.

Keywords:

host preferences, oviposition, Tephritidae, Bactrocera oleae,

PDF

___

Boller, E. F. 1985. Rhagoletis cerasi and Ceratitis capitata. Handbook of Insect Rearing Vol. II. edited by Pritam Singh ve R. F. Moore. 514s.
Bundy, C. S., ve R. M. McPherson. 2000. Morphological examination of stink bug (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) eggs on cotton and soybean, with a key to genera. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 93:616-624.
Hagen, K.S. L., L. Santas ve A. Tsecouras. 1963. A technique of culturing the olive fly, Dacus oleae Gmel., on synthetic media under xenic conditions. In Radiation and Radioisotopes Applied to insects of Agricultural Importance. Proceed’ngs Symposium, Athens 22-26 April, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, STI/PUB/74:333-356.
Diaz-Feischer F, D.R . Papaj, R. J. Prokopy, A. L. Norrbom ve M. Aluja (2000) Evolution of fruit fly oviposition behavior. In: Fruit flies (Diptera:Tephritidae): Phylogeny and evolution of behavior Ed. by Aluja M, and Norrbom AL, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 811-841.
Genc, H and J. L. Nation. 2004a. An Artificial Diyet for the butterfly Phyciodes phaon (Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae). Florida Entomologist, Vol. 87(2): 194-198.
Genc, H. and J. L. Nation. 2004b. The Influence of Diyetary Lipids upon Survival and Reproduction of Phaon Crescent Butterflies. J. of Entomol. Sci. 39:537-544.
Genç, H., D. Zobar., J. L. Nation. 2008. Maintaining Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Dipt: Tephritidae) Colony on Its Natural Host in the Laboratory (Basılmamış).
Moore, I. 1959. A method for artificially culturing the olive fruit fly (Dacus oleae Gmel.) under aseptic conditions. Ktavim, 9:295-296.
Nation, J. L. 2001. Insect Physiology and Biochemistry. Boca Raton, Fla. CRC Press 485.
Landolt P.J., ve H. C. Reed. 1990. Behavior of the papaya fruit fly (Toxotrypann curvicanda) (Diptera:Tephritidae): Host finding and oviposition. Environ. Entomol. 19, 1305-1310.
Shearer, P. W., ve V. P. Jones. 1996. Suitability of macadamia nuts as a host plant of Nezera viridula (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 89:996-1003.
Silva, G. de Magalhảes. 1970. Sterile male technique for control of the olive fruit fly. Review of work on rearing and radiation. In sterile-male technique for control of fruit flies. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, STI/PUB276:119-130.
Silva, F. A. C., ve A. R. Panizzi. 2007. Cotton Balls as an Oviposition Substrate for Laboratory Rearing of Phytophagous Stink Bugs (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. 100:745-748.
Okollo, J.N, N. N. Ntonifor. 2005. Field ovipositional behavior and laboratory studies on development of Dacus punctatifrons (Diptera:Tephritidae) on tomato. Insect Sci.12, 393.
Panizzi, A. R., J. R. P. Para, C. H. Santos, ve D. R.. Carvalho. 2000. Rearing the southern gren stink bug using an artificial dry diyet and an artificial plant. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 35:1709–1715.
Panizzi, A. R., M. Berhow, ve R. J. Barlet. 2004. Artificial substrate bioassay for testing oviposition of southern green stink bug conditioned by soybean plant chemical extracts. Environ. Entomol. 33: 1217-1222.
Reboulakis, C. 2003. Improvements to the artificial rearing system of olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gemlin). Report to the IAEA. 6s. Basılmamış.
Thompson, J. N, ve O. Pelmyr. 1991. Evolution of oviposition behavior and host preference in Lepidoptera. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 36:65-89.
Tsitsipis, J.A. 1977 An improved method for the mass rearing of the olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae (Gmel.) (Diptera, Tephritidae). Z. Ang. Ent. 83, 419-426.
Tzanakakis, M. E. 1971. Rearing methods for the olive fruit fly Dacus oleae (Gmelin). Annals of the School of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Thessaloniki, 14,293-326.
Tzanakakis, M.E. 1989. Small Scale Rearing. In: Fruit Flies: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control, Vol. 3B. Ed. by Robinson AS, Hooper G, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 105-118.
Tzanakakis, M. E ve A. P. Economopoulos. 1967. Two efficient larval diyets for continuous rearing of the olive fruit fly. J. Econ. Entomol. 60, 660-663.
Tsitsipis, J.A., ve A. Kontos. 1983 Improved solid adult diyet for the olive fruit fly Dacus oleae. Entomol. Hellenica, 1, 24-2