Sentetik Metil Salisilat ve Doğal Zararlı Kaynaklı Bitki Uçucularının Fasulyede Yaprakbiti ve Predatörler Üzerine Etkisi

Metil salisilat (MeSA), zararlıların bitkilerde beslenmeye başlamasından sonra bitkiler tarafından salgılanan, doğaldüşmanlar üzerine çekici etkisi bulunan ve zararlı böceklerinde davranışlarını etkileyen bir bileşiktir. Bitkiler tarafındansalgılanan bu bileşikler zararlı kaynaklı bitki uçucuları (HIPVs) olarak adlandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada sentetik MeSAuygulanmış ve doğal olarak MeSA, linalool vb. uçucuların salgılanmasını teşvik etmek amacıyla kırmızıörümcekbulaştırılmış fasulyede yaprakbitleri ve predatörlerin popülasyon durumu araştırılmıştır. Çalışma 2011-2012 yıllarındaarazi koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Denemeler kontrol, MeSA, kırmızıörümcek ve kırmızıörümcek+MeSA uygulamalarınıiçerecek şekilde 3 tekerrürden oluşmuştur. Uygulama parsellerinde içinde 2 ml MeSA bulunan 5 ml’ lik cam şişelerkullanılmıştır ve her hafta yenilenmiştir. Her parselden tesadüfi olarak alınan 15 adet yaprak laboratuarda mikroskopaltında incelenmiş, yaprakbiti ve predatör sayımları yapılmıştır. Yapılan sayımlara göre, 2011 ve 2012 yıllarında kontrol(0.76± 0.04; 2± 0.2) parsellerindeki ve kırmızıörümcek (0.67± 0.08; 0.5± 0.06) parsellerinde yaprakbiti sayısı, MeSA(0.1± 0.02;0) ve kırmızıörümcek+MeSA (0.1± 0.02; 0.17± 0.02) bulunan parsellere göre daha fazla olmuştur. 2011yılında coccinellidler MeSA bulunan parselde (3.33± 0.09), Orius sp. ve syrphid’ler ise kırmızıörümcek+MeSA bulunanparsellerde daha fazla görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada MeSA’ ın kullanımı yaprakbitleri üzerine repellent etkigösterirken, doğal düşmanları deneme alanına çekmiş ve predatörlerin etkinliğini artırmıştır. İleriki yıllarda bitkikoruma açısından MeSA’nın yaprakbitlerine karşı biyolojik mücadeleyi destekleme çalışmalarında kullanılabileceğidüşünülmektedir.

Effects of Synthetic Methyl Salicylate and Natural Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles on Aphids and Predators in Bean Plants

Methyl salicylate (MeSA), which is released by plants after herbivore attack, not only attractant effect on natural enemies but also effect behaviour of pest arthropods. These compounds release by plants which is named herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). In this study, the population of aphids and predators in synthetic MeSA applied and mite infected bean plants in order to naturally stimulate MeSA, linalol etc. release were investigated. This study was conducted in field conditions with three replicates and following treatments MeSA alone, MeSA+mite release, mite release and untreated control in both year 2011 and 2012. Vials include 2 ml MeSA were used in every plot and renew every week. Randomly selected 15 bean leaves from each plot were examined under stereomicroscope and aphids and predators were counted. In 2011 and 2012, aphid abundance of Control (0.76± 0. 04; 2± 0.2) and mite release (0.67± 0.08; 0.17± 0.02) plots were higher than MeSA (0.1± 0.02;0) and mite release+MeSA (0.1± 0.02; 0.17± 0.02) plots. In 2011 coccinellids were high in MeSA plots, Orius sp. and syrphids were high in mite release+MeSA plots. In this study MeSA is not only repellent effect on aphids but also attractant effect on predators and improve the effectiveness of natural enemies in field. In future, MeSA could be used for the support of biological control against aphids in plant protection.

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