Gelir Gruplarına Göre Ülkelerin Tarımsal Üretim Etkinliklerinin Analizi: Meta Sınır Yaklaşımı

Bu çalışmada ülkelerin tarımsal üretim etkinlikleri, ölçeğe göre sabit ve değişken getiri varsayımına dayanan modellerle, Veri Zarflama Analizi yöntemi ile tahminlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Etkinlik karşılaştırması açısından Meta Sınır yaklaşımı kullanılmış, ülkeler gelirlerine göre gruplandırılmıştır. Toplamda 215 ülke, Düşük gelirliler, Orta-Düşük gelirliler, Orta-Yüksek gelirliler ve Yüksek gelirliler olmak üzere dört gruba ayrılmışlardır. Ülkeler hem kendi grupları hem de tüm ülkelerin yer aldığı havuz grupta ayrı ayrı analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, gelir düzeylerinin ülkelerin tarımsal üretim etkinlikleri üzerinde pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğu, gelir arttıkça üretim etkinliğinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanında, ülkelerin özellikle tarımsal üretim alanlarını kullanma açısından etkin olmadıkları ayrıca sermaye yoğun ülkelerin emek yoğun ülkelere göre daha yüksek etkinlikle çalıştıkları sonucuna varılmıştır.

Analysis of Countries Agricultural Production Efficiency by Income Groups: Meta Frontier Approach

In this study, we try to estimate the agricultural production efficiencies of the countries with Data Envelopment Analysis. The constant returns to scale and the variable returns to scale models was used for this estimation. The Meta Frontier approach was applied for efficiency comparison. Totally 215 countries taken into account and they were divided into four groups. Income economies were used to define the groups (Low income, Lower-Middle income, Upper-Middle income and High income economies). Countries were analyzed in their intragroup and whole pooled group. As a result, it is determined that, income economies have a positive effect on the agricultural production efficiency. Besides, it is also determined that the countries are especially inefficient on the usage of the agricultural production area. The countries which are capital-intensive are more efficienct than the countries which are labour-intensive.

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