Responses to Irrigation onto Apple Tree Grown under the Farmer Condition: A Case Study of Düzce Region

Bu çalışma, Düzce yöresi ikliminde "Granny Smith" elma ağacının (Malus domestica Borkh.) çiftçi koşulları altındaki sulamaya tepkilerinin araştırılmasını amaçlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, sulama sezonu içerisinde elma ağaçlarında yaprak su potansiyeli (LWP), stoma iletkenliği (gs) ve fotosentetik aktif radyasyon (PAR) gibi bazı fizyolojik gözlemler ele alınan dönem içerisinde her sulamadan önce bir hafta aralıklar ile yapılmıştır. Eşzamanlı olarak, tüm sulama sezonu boyunca, elma bahçesinde farklı toprak katmanlarındaki (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-90 cm, 90-120 cm) toprak su içeriği (SWC) de izlenmiştir. Hasat sonrasında tüm gözlemler kendi arasında değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, sulama sezonu içerisinde, SWC değerlerinin tarla kapasitesi (FC) ile solma noktası (PWP) arasında değiştiğini ortaya koymuştur. SWC değeri, aşırı yağışlı bazı günler hariç, elma bahçesi toprak profilinde tüketilmesine izin verilebilir %50'lik miktarına ulaşılamamıştır. LWP, gs ve PAR, tüm toprak katmanlarında, SWC'nin artışı ile artmıştır. Ele alınan tüm karşılaştırmalara ait en güçlü ilişki, elma bahçesinde tüm toprak katmanları içerisinde, 30-60 cm toprak katmanından elde edilmiştir. LWP~gs arasındaki ilişkiler (R2=0,53) hafif iken LWP~PAR arasındaki ilişkilerin (R2=0,84) güçlü olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuçta, ele alınan tüm gözlemler doğrultusunda, yaz döneminde yağışın sık ve düzensiz olmasına rağmen, uygun bir sulama programına ihtiyaç olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Çiftçi Koşulunda Yetiştirilen Elma Ağacının Sulamaya Tepkileri: Düzce Yöresi Örneği

This study aimed to investigate response of "Granny Smith" apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) tree to irrigation under farmer condition in Düzce Region. In this study, some physiological measurements, such as leaf water potential (LWP), stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) on the apple trees, were performed weekly before irrigation in the selected period during the irrigation season. Concurrently, in irrigation season, soil water content (SWC) in the different soil layers (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-90 cm, and 90-120 cm) was also monitored at the apple orchard. Study results showed that SWC was fluctuated between field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) during irrigation season. The value of SWC didn't reach up to 50%, which is the allowable depletion value at the soil of apple orchard, except some high rainy days. LWP, gs and PAR were increased by increasing of SWC in all soil layers. The strongest relationship for all correlations in all soil layers was obtained in 3060 cm soil layers. It was found that LWP had strong relationships with PAR (R2=0.84) while LWP~gs relationships were weak (R2=0.53). Finally, by considering the all results in this study, it may be concluded that a proper irrigation scheduling was needed for such as apple orchards even though precipitation was frequently and unevenly happened in the summer.

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