Fesleğen (Ocimum basilicum) Bitkisinde Bazı Bitki Besin Elementleri ile Antibakteriyel Aktivitesinin İlişkisi

Bu çalışmada fesleğen bitkisinin (Ocimum basilicum) ekstraktında bulunan bazı makro ve mikro besin elementleriile bu ekstraktın iki Gram pozitif ve iki Gram negatif bakteri üzerine antibakteriyel etkisinin ilişkisi araştırılmıştır.Laboratuvar ortamında saksılarda yetiştirilen fesleğen bitkisinin toprak üstü aksamının tamamı kurutma ve yakmaişlemleri sonrasında ekstrakt çıkarılması için kullanılmış ve ekstrakt etanol ile katı-sıvı ekstraksiyonu ile eldeedilmiştir. Makro (P, K, Ca ve Mg), mikro (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn ve B) besin ve bir fonksiyonel element (Al) içerik vemiktarları ICP-OES cihazı ile belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar fesleğen bitkisinin makro besin elementlerinden olan P, K,Ca ve Mg elementlerinin miktarlarının çok yıllık otsu bitkilerin besin elementlerinin miktarları ile uyumlu çıktığınıgöstermiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada yetiştirilen fesleğen bitkisinde bazı mikro besin elementlerinin (Fe, Mn, Zn, B) içeriği ve bir fonksiyonel element olan Al’nin içeriği de benzer bitkilerle karışılaştırıldığında önemli miktardayüksek bulunmuştur. Fesleğen ekstraktının Gram negatif bakterilerden olan E. coli, P. aeruginosa, ve Gram pozitifbakterilerden olan S. aureus ve E. faecium bakterileri üzerinde bakteri büyümesini engelleme anlamında hepsiüzerinde etkili olan bir antibiyotikle karşılaştırıldığında etkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bitkinin makro besinelementlerinden P ve K miktarlarının antibakteriyel etki ile pozitif ilişkili, Ca ve Mg elementlerinin de negatifilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mikro besin elementleri arasında da Mn, Zn ve B; ve fonksiyonel bir element olanAl’nin de antibakteriyel etki ile pozitif ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Sonuçlar geleneksel olarak farklı bir çokhastalığın tedavisinde toplumda sıklıkla kullanılan tıbbi bitkilerin makro ve mikro element içeriklerinin öneminivurgulamaktadır. Fesleğen yetiştiriciliğinde kireç bakımından düşük toprakların kullanılmasının bu bitkilerinantibakteriyel etkisi Ca ve Mg elementlerinin negatif olan etkisini pozitife çevirebileceği düşünülmektedir.Dolayısıyla doğru ve bilinçli gübreleme yöntemlerinin bu ve buna benzer bitkilerin antibakteriyel aktivitesi üzerineolumlu bir etki oluşturacağı düşünülmektedir.

The Correlation of Some Nutrient Elements and Antibacterial Activity of the Basil(Ocimum basilicum)

This study aimed to analyze the correlation of some macro and micro nutritional elements of the basil plant (Ocimum basilicum) with the antibacterial activity of the basil extract on two Gram positive and two Gram negative bacteria. The extract of the basil plants grown in laboratory conditions was obtained by solid-liquid extraction with ethanol after drying and burning of the freshly harvested above ground parts. The macro (P, K, Ca, and Mg), micro (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and B) nutrients and a functional element (Al) amounts were detected by ICP-OES. The results revealed that the basil extract was compatible with herbaceous perennial plants in terms of macro nutrient elements P, K, Ca and Mg. Moreover, some micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, B) and the functional element Al was found to be significantly high. The basil extract was significantly effective on inhibiting the Gram negative E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and Gram positive S. aureus and E. faecium. The element B was found to be positively correlated with the antibacterial activity of the basil plant suggesting as the B content increases, the antibacterial activity of basil extract is supposed to increase, too. The P and K contents were found to be positively correlated with antibacterial activity, while Ca and Mg contents were negatively correlated. The correlation analysis of the nutritional elements, this extract can be suggested to be more preferrable against Gram positive bacteria, especially when the Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn levels are high. These results revealed the importance of the macro and micro nutrient contents of medicinal plants which can be used traditionally against various diseases. In basil cultivation the soils low in lime may convert the negative correlation of Ca and Mg into a positive correlation in terms of antibacterial effect. Conscious and proper fertilization therefore is suggested to be effective on antibacterial activity of the basil plant.

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