İzmir ve Muğla İllerinde Yetiştirilen Zeytin (Olea europaea L.) Ağaçlarının Bor ve Mikro Elementler Yönünden Beslenme Durumunun Yaprak ve Toprak Analizleri ile Belirlenmesi

Bu çalışma, İzmir ve Muğla ilerinde zeytin yetiştiriciliği yapılan toprakların ve zeytin bitkisinin bor ve diğerelementler yönünden beslenme durumunun belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla 254 adet toprak (0- 30 cm) ve yaprak örneği GPS koordinatlı olarak eş zamanlı alınmış ve analiz edilmiştir (Muğla ilinde: 125 bahçeDatca, Köyceğiz, Milas, Ula, Seydikemer/İzmir ilinde: 129 bahçe Aliağa, Bayındır, Bergama, Dikili, Foça,Karaburun, Kemalpaşa, Menderes, Menemen, Ödemiş, Seferihisar, Selçuk, Tire, Torbalı, Urla). Toprak örneklerinde; tekstür, pH, EC, kireç, organik madde, ekstrakte edilebilir B, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn; yaprak örneklerindeise toplam B, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, toprakların bor içerikleri 0.20 ve5.24 mg kg-1 arasında değişmiş, ortalama bor içeriği ise 1.21 mg kg-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma alanıtoprakları ekstrakte edilebilir B içerikleri bakımından incelendiğinde %13.78’i az, %76.38’i yeterli, %9.45’i fazlave %0.39’u çok fazla sınıfında yer almıştır. Yaprakların bor içerikleri 8.66 ve 29.33 mg kg-1 arasında değişmiş,ortalama bor içeriği ise 8.66 mg kg-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırıma alanı yaprakların bor içerikleri dağılımıise %85.04’ü az, %14.96’sı yeterli olarak belirlenmiştir. Toprak ve yaprakların bor içerikleri birliktedeğerlendirildiğinde toprakların %85.83’nün yeterli bor içermesine rağmen yaprakların %85.04’nün yetersiz boriçermesi ciddi bor beslenme sorunlarının yaşandığını göstermektedir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, demir bakımındanbeslenme sorunlarının olmadığı, çinko bakımından ciddi, mangan ve bakır bakımından ise azda olsa beslenmesorunlarının yaşandığı görülmektedir. Tüm bitki türlerinde olduğu gibi zeytin bitkisi için gübreleme programlarıtoprak ve yaprak analiz sonuçlarına göre oluşturulmalıdır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, temel gübreleme ile verilecekfosfor, azot ve potasyum gübrelerine ek olarak mikro besin maddelerinin verilmesi önemlidir.

Determination of Nutritional Status of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Trees Grown in Izmir andMugla Province in Terms of Boron and The Other Microelements with Soil and LeafAnalyzes

This study was conducted to determine the nutritional status of olive cultivated land and olive plant in Izmir and Mugla province in terms of boron and other elements. For this purpose, 254 soil samples (0-30 cm depth) and 254 leaf samples were taken simultaneously with GPS coordinates from the olive production areas and analyzed (125 gardens in Datca, Koycegiz, Milas, Ula, Seydikemer districts of Mugla province / 129 gardens in Aliaga, Bayindir, Bergama, Dikili, Foca, Karaburun, Kemalpasa, Menderes, Menemen, Odemiş, Seferihisar, Selcuk, Tire, Torbali and Urla district of Izmir province). In the soil samples texture, pH, EC, lime, organic matter, extractable boron, iron, copper, zinc and manganese analysis were done. In the leaf samples total boron, iron, copper, zinc and manganese content were determined. According to the analysis results, the nutritional studies of olive were determined in term of boron and other elements. According to the results of the research, boron contents of the research areas soils ranged between 0.20 and 5.24 mg kg-1 and the average level was determined as 1.21 mg kg-1. In the boron content distribution of the soils in the research area 13.78% is low, 76.38% is sufficient, 9.45% is more and 0.39% is too high. Boron contents of olive leaves ranged between 8.66 and 29.33 mg kg-1 and the average level was determined as 8.66 mg kg-1. In the boron content distribution of the leaves in the research area 85.04% is low, 14.96% is sufficient. Based on the B contents of all soil and leaf samples it was interesting to note that although 85.83% of the soils have sufficient boron, 85.04% of the leaves show boron deficiency, indicating that boron nutritional problems are experienced. Also according to the results of analysis, it was determined that there were no nutritional problems in terms of iron, and that there were serious nutritional problems in terms of boron and zinc. It was determined that nutritional problems in term of manganese and copper slightly. As with all plant species, fertilization programs for olive plant should be established according to soil and leaf analysis result. According to the results of analysis, it is important to give the deficient macro and micronutrients in addition to phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium fertilizers which will be given with basic fertilization.

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