Endüstriyel Tasarımda Paradigma Kaymaları İşlev/Anlam İkiliğinin Aşılmasına İlişkin Bir Öneri

Tasarım alanındaki paradigma kaymaları, 1960’larda bilim felsefesi alanında ortaya çıkan pozitivizm sonrası yaklaşımları takip eder. Bu çalışmada, ilkin bilimi, rasyonel bir bilme tarzı olarak gören ‘pozitivist (mantıkçı) bilim anlayışı’ ile ‘işlevselci tasarım anlayışı’ arasındaki ilişki kurulacaktır. Ardından, ‘anlam’ı tasarımın yeni temeli haline getirmeye çalıfşan ‘insan-merkezli tasarım anlayışı’ ile pozitivizm sonrası yeni bilim felsefesi yaklaşımları arasındaki ilişki ele alınacaktır. Tasarım alanına ilişkin paradigma kaymaları, genellikle işlev odaklı bir tasarım anlayışından başlayan ve anlam odaklı bir başkasında sonlanan bir bağlamda ele alınır. Ne var ki, bu çaışma, tasarımın, ‘işlev’ ya da ‘anlam’ temeli üzerinde inşa edilme girişimlerinin aynı epistemolojik varsayıma dayandıkları iddiasıyla ‘işlev/anlam ikiliği’nin Aktör-Network Teorisi (ANT) aracılığıyla nasıl aşılabileceğini ortaya konmaya çalışacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İşlevselcilik, Pozitivizm, Post-pozitivizm, İşlev-merkezli tasarım, insan-merkezli tasarım, Aktör-Network Teorisi (ANT)

Paradigm shifts in the field of design follow the post-positivist approaches of philosophy of science that emerged in the 1960’s. In the present study, first of all, the (logical) positivist understanding of science that concieves science as a rational way of knowing will be associated with the functionalist understanding of design. Thereafter, the relation between the human-centered design approach that designates the new foundation of design as ‘meaning’ and the post-positivist approaches of philosophy of science will be covered. Paradigm shifts in the field of design are generally considered within a context in covers barely function-oriented or meaning-oriented approaches. Nevertheless, this study aims to indicate that the attempt of constructing design on the foundation of either ‘function’ or ‘meaning’ is indeed based on the same epistemological assumption. The attempt of overcoming what is called ‘function/meaning dichotomy’ will be set forth via the Actor-Network Theory, abbreviated as ANT.

Keywords:

Functionalism, positivism, post-positivism, function-centered design, human-centered design, Actor-Network Theory (ANT),

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