Morphology, physico-chemical properties and classification ofsoils on terraces of the Tigris River in the south-eastanatolia region of Turkey

Aluviyal topraklar akarsuların değişik zamanlarda getirmiş oldukları depozitler üzerinde oluşmalarından dolayı kısamesafeler içerisinde çok farklı özellikler gösterebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Diyarbakır- Hevsel Bahçeleribölgesi, Dicle Irmağının sağ yakasında yer alan dört farklı jeomorfolojik ünite üzerinde oluşmuş dört adet farklıtoprak profilinin fiziksel, kimyasal ve morfolojik özelliklerini belirlemek ve sınıflandırmaktır. Bu topraklar kuaternerana materyalli depozitlerin yer aldığı taşkın düzlüğü, genç ve yaşlı teraslar üzerinde oluşmuşlardır. Toprakoluşumları, iklim ve ana materyalle yakın ilişki içerisinde olup bunların çalışma alanı topraklarının fiziko-kimyasalve morfolojik özellikleri üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Dicle Nehrinden uzak mesafede ve eski teraslar üzerindeoluşmuş toprakların ileri düzeyde gelişmiş birbirini izleyen horizonlara sahip oldukları saptanmıştır. Bununla birliktetaşkın düzlüğü üzerinde yer alan topraklar ise zayıf pedolojik gelişimlere sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Terastopraklarının B horizon gelişimi (Bt, Bw, Bss) ve karbonat birikimi önemli toprak oluşum işlemleri olarakbelirlenmiştir. 2 m’den az toprak derinliğinde gözlenen redoksimorfik (sarımsı-kahverengi, kahverengimsi-kırmızırenk benekleri) sarımsı özellikler ise taşkın düzlüğünde yer alan toprakların ana toprak oluşum olayı olarakbelirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanı thermic toprak sıcaklık ve xeric toprak nem rejimlerine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir..Analitik ve morfolojik verilere göre dört toprak profili toprak taksonomisi temel alınarak Entisol, Inceptisol, Alfisol veVertisol ordolarında sınıflandırılmıştır.

Türkiye’nin Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesinde Dicle Nehrinin oluşturduğu teraslar üzerinde yer alan toprakların morfolojisi, fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri ve sınıflandırılması

Alluvial soils, formed by rivers as accumulated sediment deposited at different times, show large variations in theirproperties over short distances. The main aims of this study were to determine the morphological and physico- chemical properties and classify the soil profiles of four different geomorphological units along transects on the rightbank of the Tigris River in the Hevsel Bahceleri district of Diyarbakır. These soils were formed on the quaternaryalluvial deposits on the young and old terraces, and the flood plain. The formation of soils was highly associated withmajor climatic factors and parent materials influenced the soils morphological and physico-chemical characteristics.Soil profiles formed on the old terraces located far from the Tigris River had well developed vertical successionhorizons. The profile formed on the floodplain was characterized by weak pedogenesis. Development of the Bhorizon (Bw, Bt, Bss) and carbonate accumulation were the main pedogenic processes in terrace soils, whereas theprofile formed on the floodplain had redoximorphic features at less than 2 m depth. According to analytical andmorphological data, the four soil profiles were classified as Entisol, Inceptisol, Alfisol and Vertisol.

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