Bülent ÇAKMAK, Uygun AKSOY, R. Cengiz AKDENİZ, Fazilet N. ALAYUNT, H. Zafer CAN

Assessment of the quality losses of fresh fig fruits during transportation

Türkiye, incir üretimiyle Dünyanın önemli üreticilerinden birisidir. Đncirin kalitesinin korunması hasattan pazara kadar büyük önem arz etmektedir. Titresim çoğunlukla hassas meyvelere zarar vermekte ve kalitesini düsürmektedir. Titresim nedeniyle olusan hasarlar, tasıma yapan aracın karakteristiklerine, paketlemeye ve yol kosularına bağlı olmaktadır. Bu çalısmada, üç çesit taze incir meyvesinin (Yediveren, Sarılop ve Bursa Siyahı) tasınması sırasında titresim hasarlarını azaltmak amacıyla farklı malzemeler kullanılarak yapılan kutuların etkinliği arastırılmıstır. Denemeler iki asamalı olarak gerçeklestirilmistir. Birinci asamada, gerçek tasıma kosullarında kamyondaki frekans ve titresim değerleri saptanmıstır. ikinci asamada bu değerler, üç farklı kutuyla paketlenen taze incirlerin üzerindeki titresim etkisini saptamak için simülatörde (sarsıcıda) uygulanmıstır. Sonuçlar, bütün yol kosullarında karton kutuların taze incir meyvelerinin tasınması için uygun olmadığını göstermistir. Karton kutularda tasınan meyvelerdeki kütle kaybı, ekstrüde polistiren ve ekspande polistiren tasıma kutulara göre otoyol tasıma kosularında (16 Hz – 2.54 m $s^{ -2}$) yaklasık 2.5 kat daha fazla ölçülmüstür. Sarılop incir çesidi bozuk yolda, Bursa Siyahı çesidi ise uzun otoyol tasımasında daha fazla hasar gören çesit olarak belirlenmistir.

Taze incir meyvesinin tasınması sırasında olusan kalite kaybının değerlendirilmesi

Turkey is one of the main fig fruits producers in the World. The protection of the fig fruit quality in the chains from harvesting to marketing is very important. Vibration often causes some damages to perishable fruits in transportation and reduces their quality. The fruit injury due to vibration is related to the transportation characteristics of vehicles, packaging boxes and the conditions of the roads. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of packaging box by different materials to decrease the damages of vertical vibration on the quality of three fresh fig varieties (Yediveren, Sarilop and Bursa Black) during transportation. The experiments were carried out in two stages. In the first stage; the frequency and acceleration values of truck were determined during the real transportation. In the second stage, these values were applied on the simulator (shaker) to examine the effect of vibration on fresh figs packaged with three different boxes. The results showed that the cardboard packaging box was not proper for transporting of the fresh fig fruits in all road conditions. The mass loss of fresh fig fruits packed with cardboard box were found to be 2.5 times more than extruded and expanded polystyrene boxes at 16 Hz frequency and 2.54 m $s^{ -2}$ acceleration. Sarilop fig variety was more damaged under the off-road. For long highway road conditions, Bursa Black fig variety was found the most affected fig variety.

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