Effects of different no-till seeders and tractor forward speeds on the soil physical properties and seed emergence of summer vetch and winter wheat

Araştırmada; yazlık fiğ ve kışlık budayda, farklı gömücü ayaklara sahip 3 adet doğrudan ekim makinas ile 4 farklı traktör ilerleme hızının toprağın bazı fiziksel özellikleri ile bitki çıkışlarına olan etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Denemeler sırasında, çapa (NS-1) tek diskli (NS-2) ve kanatlı çapa (NS-3) tip gömücü ayaklarasahip üç farklı doğrudan ekim makinası dört farklı traktör ilerleme hızında (0.75 m s-1, 1.25 m s-1,1.75 m s-1 ve 2.25 m s-1) kullanılmıştr. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre en iyi toprak fiziksel özellikleri çapa tip gömücü ayaklara sahip doğrudan ekim makinasnn kullanıldığı parsellerde gözlenmiştir. Traktör ilerleme hızlarnın toprağın fiziksel özelliklerine olan etkileri her iki bitkide de istatistiksel olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur. Ortalama çıkış süresi ve çimlenme oran yüzdelerine her iki bitkide de doğrudan ekim makinaları önemli düzeyde etkili olurken, benzer etki traktör ilerleme hızlarında gözlenmemiştir. Yazlık fiğ ve kışlık buğdayda en yüksek çıkış oranı, çapa tip gömücü ayaklara sahip doğrudan ekim makinasıyla ekim yapılan parsellerde elde edilmiştir.

Farkl ı do ğrudan ekim makinalar ve ilerleme hızlar ını n yazl ık fiğ ve kışlık bu dayda topra ğın bazı fiziksel özellikleri ile bitki çık ışı na olan etkileri

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of different no-till seeders and tractor forward speeds on some of soil physical properties and seed emergence of summer vetch and winter wheat. In the research, three different types no-till seeders with hoe (NS-1), single disc (NS-2) and winged hoe (NS-3) type openers were used with four different tractor forward speeds (0.75 m s-1, 1.25 m s-1,1.75 m s-1 and 2.25 m s-1). According to obtained results, the no-till seeders with hoe type furrow opener (NS-1) provided better soil physical properties than the other two no-till seeders. However, tractor forward speeds had no effect on physical properties of soil for both summer vetch and winter wheat. No-till seeders had a significant effect on the mean emergence time (MET) and percentage of emergence (PE) while tractor forward speeds had no effect on these values in both summer vetch and winter wheat. The highest PE was observed at the plots sown with NS-1 seeder in both summer vetch and winter wheat.

PDF

___

Adam K M & Erbach D C (1992). Secondary tillage toll effect on soil aggregation. Transacions of the ASAE 35(6): 1771-1776
Akbolat D, Evrendilek F, Cokan A & Ekinci K (2009). Quantifying soil respiration in response to shortterm tillage practices: a case study in southern Turkey. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B. Soil and Plant Science 59(1): 50-56
Altikat S & Celik A (2011a). The effects of tillage and intra-row compaction on seedbed properties and red lentil emergence under dry land conditions. Soil and Tillage Research 114: 1-8
Altikat S & Celik A (2011b). Effects of different furrow openers, covering components and forward speeds in no till seeders on the soil surface roughness. Idr University Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 1(1): 85-90
Berntsen R & Bere B (2002). Soil fragmentation and the efficiency of tillage implements. Soil and Tillage Research 64: 137147
Chaudhuri D (2001). Performance evaluation of various types of furrow openers on seed drills-a review. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 79 (2): 125-137
Celik A & Altikat S (2010). Effects of various strip widths and tractor forward speeds in strip tillage on soil physical properties and yield of silage corn. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 16:169-179
Damora D & Pandey K P (1995). Evaluation of performance of furrow openers of combined seed and fertilizer drills. Soil and Tillage Research 34(1): 127-139
Du A, Bekele J E & Morrison J R (2004). Drill furrow opener effects on wheat and sorghum establishment in no-till fields. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 20(2): 179-185
Eghball B, Mielke L N, Calvo G A & Wilhelm W W (1993). Fractal description of soil fragmentation for various tillage methods and crop sequences. Soil Science Society of America Journal 57: 13371341
Huang G B, Zhang R Z, Lic G D, Li L L, Chan K Y, Heenan D P, Chen W, Unkovich M J, Robertson M J, Cullis B R & Bellotti W D (2008). Productivity and sustainability of a spring wheatfield pea rotation in a semi-arid environment under conventional and conservation tillage systems. Field Crops Research 107: 4355
Hyde G M, Wilkins D E, Saxton K E, Hammel J E, Swanson G J, Hermanson R H, Dowding E A, Simpson J B & Peterson C L (1987). Reduced tillage seeding equipment development. In STEEP Conservation concepts and accomplishments. Pullman, Wash.: Washington State University Publications
Karayel D (2009). Performance of a modified precision vacuum seeder for no-till sowing of maize and soybean. Soil and Tillage Research 104: 121125
Lindwall C W & Anderson D T (1977). Effects of different seeding machines on spring wheat production under various conditions of stubble residue and soil compaction in notill rotations. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 57(2): 8191
Logsdon S D, Parker J C & Reneau R B (1987). Root growth as influenced by aggregate size. Plant and Soil 99: 267-275
Tessier S, Hyde G M, Papendick R I & Saxton K E (1991). No-till seeder effects on seed zone properties and wheat emergence. Transactions of the ASAE 34(3):733-739
Wilkins D E (1983). Grain-drill opener effects on wheat emergence. Transactions of the ASAE 26(3): 651- 655