Roma Kolonizasyon Hareketi Ve Kolonilerin I. Pön Savaşına Etkisi

İnsanoğlunun yerleşik yaşama geçmesi ile beraber zaman içerisinde yerleşimlerin ortaya çıktığı bölgelerin, yerel nüfusun ihtiyacını karşılayamaması sonucunda kolonizasyon fikri ortaya çıkmıştır. Roma kolonizasyon hareketi öncesinde özellikle Fenikeliler ve Helenler ekonomik ya da siyasi sebeplerle Akdeniz ile Karadeniz’in farklı bölgelerinde pek çok koloni yerleşimi kurmuşlardır. Bununla beraber militarist bir yapıya sahip olan Romalılar, kendilerinden önceki kolonizayon hareketlerinden farklı olarak temelde askeri ihtiyaçlara cevap vermek gayesi ile koloniler inşa etmişlerdir. Özellikle I. Pön Savaşının başladığı M.Ö. 264 tarihine kadar geçen zaman zarfında Roma, tesis etmiş olduğu koloniler vasıtasıyla İtalya’da siyasi egemenliğini yaydığı gibi aynı zamanda ele geçirmiş olduğu bölgelerdeki hâkimiyetini de kuvvetlendirmiştir. Roma, askeri açıdan işlevsel olduğu çeşitli hadiseler sonucunda kanıtlanmış olan kolonilerin askeri faydalarından Kartaca karşısında I. Pön Savaşı esnasında da yararlanmıştır. Roma, özellikle kıyı bölgelerin savunmasında kolonilerden yararlandığı gibi aynı zamanda donanma için gerekli denizcilerin bir kısmını da buralardan temin etmiştir. Konu bu açıdan ele alındığında kolonilerin savaşın kazanılmasına ciddi oranda katkı sağladığı görülmektedir. Söz konusu çalışmada kolonilerin savaşın gidişatı ve sonucunu ne oranda etkilediği irdelenmeye çalışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Roma, Kartaca, I. Pön savaşı, Vatandaş Kolonileri, Latin Kolonileri

The Roman Colonizatıon Activity and the Effects of the Colonıes on the frst Punic War

The idea of colonization first appeared as a consequence of lack of local population which needs to support thesettled life. Before the Roman colonization, the Phoenicians and Helens established many colony settlements acrossthe Mediterranean and Black Sea due to the economic or political reasons. However, the Romans who had a militarist character, established colonies as a solution to the military needs. Especially until the First Punic War in 264B.C. Romans spread their sovereignty both in Italy and in occupied territories by its colonies. As their military valueproved, the Romans used their colonies against the Carthage in the First Punic Wars. Rome used its colonies in thedefense of coastline as well as in recruiting some of new seamen. From this point of view, the colonies were critical inthe Roman victory in the war. This study aims to reveal how the colonies effected the war and its outcome.

Keywords:

Rome, Carthage, First Punic War, Roman Citizen Colonies, Latin Colonies,

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