Artemisia ve Rhodos

Romalı yazar ve mimar Vitruvius’a (İ.Ö. I. yy) göre, Hekatomnos hanedanı Mausolos’un ölümünden sonra eşi Artemisia 353/2 yılında tahta geçtiğinde bir kadının yönetici olmasını bahane eden Rhodoslular Halikarnassos’a saldırmaya karar verir. Fakat Artemisia kurnazca bir taktik uygular ve donanmalarını terk ederek şehre giren bütün Rhodosluları katlettirir. Artemisia bununla da kalmaz, hasarsız olarak ele geçirdiği Rhodos donanmasıyla birlikte Rhodos’a yelken açar. Kendi donanmalarının geldiğini zanneden Rhodoslular onları savunmasız karşılarlar ve böylelikle Artemisia Rhodos’u kolaylıkla ele geçirir. Derin bir etki bırakmak için orada zafer hatıraları diktirir. Genelde eskiçağ tarihi yazarları Vitruvius’un aktardığı olayın tarih gerçekliğini kabul etmektedirler. Ama konuyla ilgili olarak yakın geçmişte yapılan kapsamlı bir çalışmada bu olayın tamamen Vitruvius tarafından uydurulduğu öne sürülmektedir. Biz bu çalışmada, Sosyal Savaş öncesi ve sırasındaki konuyla ilgili antik kaynakları kapsamlı bir şekilde inceleyerek, bu olayın gerçek olduğu yönündeki görüşü desteklemekteyiz.

Artemisia and Rhodos

According to the Roman writer and architect, Vitruvius (1st century BC), Rhodians attacked Halikarnassos by making use of the opportunity that a woman, Artemisia, had taken over the rule in Karia in 353/2 BC after the death of her husband, Mausolos, a member of the dynasty of Hekatamnos. Upon this, Artemisia commanded that her fleet should hide away in the hidden harbour of Halikarnassos, while her people were accepting the Rhodians with a warm welcome, who would arrive with their well-furnished fleet. By appealing to a clever tactic, Artemisia ordered all the leading Rhodians to be slain on the forum when they entered the city. Afterwards, Artemisia seized the fleet of Rhodians which had not been damaged at all and sailed with this fleet to Rhodos. Rhodian people, presuming that their own fleet was arriving, welcomed them without resistance. As a result of this, Artemisia subjugated the Rhodians and put up in the city of Rhodos a trophy of her victory. While the ancient historians generally accept that this event is real and historical, in a recently detailed discussion on this subject, it is claimed that the story of Vitruvius is a pure fiction. In this paper, we shall argue that, when the relevant sources, concerning the period before and during the Social War, are examined in detail, the view on the reality of this event appears stronger.

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