Hülya İLBİ, Stanley MATTHEWS, Benian ESER, Süleyman KAVAK, Alison A POWELL

2612

Effects of Seed Moisture Content and Threshing Methods on Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seed Quality

Beyaz tohum kabuğuna sahip fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) çeşitlerinde düşük tohum kalitesi tarla çıkışında problemlere neden olabilmektedir. Türkiye'de fasulye tohumluk üretiminin büyük bir kısmı, kuru ve sıcak yaz sezonuna sahip olan Konya düzlüklerinde üretilmektedir. Fasulye tohumları, farklı ticari tohumluk üretim tarlalarından elle hasat edilen bitkilerden, %11 ile %20 arasında değişen tohum nem içeriklerinde elle veya mekanik olarak ayrılmışlardır. %14 tohum neminin altında makineli ayrımlarda, normal çim oranında azalma, anormal çim oranınında önemli ölçüde artışın yanısıra kırık tohum kabuğunun görülme sıklığının arttığı belirlenmiştir. İki farklı lokasyonda yapılan tarla çıkış testi, %11 tohum neminde makine ile ayrılan tohumlarda çıkıştaki azalmanın bir kanıtı olmuştur. Bu bulgular, fasulyede tohum kalitesinin korunumu isteniyorsa, %14'ün altındaki tohum neminde makineli hasat ve ayrımın yapılmaması gerektiğini göstermektedir

Tohum Nemi ve Ayrım Yöntemlerinin Fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Tohum Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri

The low seed quality of white-seeded cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. can cause problems at field emergence. Bean seeds in Turkey are produced mainly in the hot dry summer season in the Konya plain. Bean seeds were harvested by hand from different commercial fields and the seeds were removed by hand or by mechanical threshing at different seed moisture contents (SMC) from 20% down to 11%. The lowest percentage of normal seedlings and significantly higher abnormal seedlings, as well as a higher incidence of cracked seed coats were found for machine threshed seeds at below 14% SMC. The field emergence at two sites showed evidence of reduced emergence in seeds that had been machine threshed at 11% SMC. These findings showed that bean seeds should not be harvested and threshed by machine at below 14% SMC if seed quality is to be maintained
PDF

___

  • Adam, N.M., McDonald Jr, M.B. and Henderlong, P.R. 1989. The influence of seed position, planting and harvesting dates on soybean seed quality. Seed Science and Technology, 17, 143-152.
  • Araujo, R.F., Araujo, E.F., Vieira, R.F., Sofiatti, V., Zonta, J.B. and Souza, LT. 2008. Physiological and sanitary quality of mung beans subjected to post-harvest mechanical processing. Revista Brasileira de Armazenamento, 33(1): 43-51.
  • Bay, A.P.M., Taylor, A.G. and Paine, D.H. 1995. Mechanical damage resistance of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds: protection of embryonic axis by the cotyledons. Plant Varieties and Seeds, 8: 151-159.
  • Egli, D.B. 1998. Seed biology and the yield of grain crops. CAB International, Wallingford, 178 pp.
  • Ellis, R.H., Hong, T.D. and Roberts, E.H. 1987. The development of desiccation tolerance and maximum seed quality during seed maturation in six grain legumes. Annals of Botany, 59: 23- 29.
  • Greven, M.M., McKenzie, B.A., Hampton, J.G., Hill, M.J. and Hill, G.D. 2001. Some factors affecting seed quality during the mechanical threshing of dwarf French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Agronomy New Zealand, 31: 121-126.
  • Greven, M.M., McKenzie, B.A., Hampton ,J.G., Hill, M.J., Sedcole, J.R. and Hill, G.D. 2004. Factors affecting seed quality in dwarf French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) before harvest maturity. Seed Science and Technology, 32: 797-811.
  • Herat, L.G. 1992. Effects of maturity and seed size on seed vigour and plant growth in snap bean (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.). Ph.D. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, pp.117
  • Hoki, M. and Picket, L.K. 1973. Factors effecting mechanical damage of Navy beans. Transaction of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 16: 1054-1057.
  • ISTA, 1995. Handbook of Vigour Test Methods. 3rd Edition, Edited by J.G. Hampton and D.M. TeKrony, Zurih, Switzerland.
  • ISTA, 2007. Internatioanal Rules for Seed Testing. International Seed Testing Association, Bussesdorf, Switzerland. Lee, P.C., Paine, D.H. and Taylor, A.G. 1998. Dedection and removal of offcolored bean seeds by color sorting. Seed Technology, 2(1): 43-55.
  • Luedders, V.D. and Burris, J.S. 1979. Effects of broken seed coats on field emergence of soybeans. Agronomy Journal, 71: 877-879.
  • Muasya, R.M, Lommen, W.J.M., Auma, A.U. and Struik, P.C. 2006. Relationship between variation in quality of individual seeds and bulk seed quality in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed lots. NJAS, 54(1): 5- 16.
  • Padrit, J., Hampton, J.G., Hill, M.J. and Watkin, B.R 1996. The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus to the mother plant on seed vigour in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) cv. Pania. Journal of Applied Seed Production, 14: 41-45.
  • Parde, S.R., Rameshwar, T.K., Digvir, S.J. and Noel, D.G.W. 2002. Mechanical damage to soybean seed during processing. Journal of Stored Products Research, 38, 385-394.
  • Pedersen, L.H., Jorgensen, P.E. and Pulsen, I. 1993. Effects of seed vigour and dormancy on field emergence, development and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Seed Science and Technology, 21: 159-178.
  • Pickett, L.K. 1973. Mechanical damage and processing loss during navy bean harvesting. Transaction of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 16: 1047-1050.
  • Prusinski, J. and Borowska, M. 1993. The application of the electroconductivity test in vigour evaluation of mechanically damaged pulse crop seeds. Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowlii Aklimatyzacji Roslin, No. 186: 133- 144.
  • Shreekant, P.R., Rameshwar, T.K., Digvir, S.J. and Noel, D.G.W. 2002. Mechanical damage to soybean seed during processing. Journal of Stored Products Research, 38: 385-394. Siddique, M.A. and Goodwin, P.B. 1985.
  • Conductivity measurements on single seeds to predict the germinability of French beans. Seed Science and Technology, 13: 643-652.
  • Sivritepe, H.Ö. 1992. Genetic deterioration and repair in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds during storage. PhD Thesis, University of Bath, pp. 227.
  • Souza, C.M.A., Queiroz, D.M., Mantovani, E.C. and Cecon, P.R. 2002. Effect of mechanical harvesting on the quality of seeds of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Revista Brasileira de Armazenamento, 27(1): 21-29.
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat fakültesi Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1304-9984
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
  • Yayıncı: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Burdur'da Tarımı Yapılan Bazı Umbelliferae Türlerinin Uçucu Yağ Oranı ve Bileşenlerinin Belirlenmesi

Arif ŞANLI, Tahsin KARADOĞAN, Hakan DALDAL

Effects of Seed Moisture Content and Threshing Methods on Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seed Quality

Hülya İLBİ, Stanley MATTHEWS, Benian ESER, Süleyman KAVAK, Alison A POWELL

Türkiye'de Yağ Gülü (Rosa damascena) Üretimi ve Ticaretinin Gelişimi

Vecdi DEMİRCAN, M. Çağla ÖRMECİ KART, Murat İKİZ

Yapraktan Uygulanan Çinko'nun BA-29 Anacı Üzerine Aşılı Armut Çeşitlerinin Verimi, Mineral Element İçeriği ve Biyokimyasal Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi

Burhan ÖZTÜRK, Halil ERDEM