21. YÜZYILDA GÖÇ OLGUSU: ULUSLARARASI GÖÇ TEORİLERİNİN EKONOMİ POLİTİĞİ

Göç kavramı; kişilerin ekonomik, kültürel, politik ve/veya doğal afetler gibi toplumsal birtakım nedenlerle yaşadıkları yeri değiştirme eylemi olarak tanımlanabilir. Bireysel ya da toplumsal faktörler tarafından ortaya çıkan göç olgusunu açıklamak için özellikle 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren farklı teoriler geliştirilmiştir. Bu teorilerden bazıları; Neoklasik iktisadın mikro ve makro göç teorisi, dünya sistemleri teorisi, ikiye bölünmüş emek piyasası teorisi, yeni ekonomi teorisi, network kuramı ve göç sistemleri teorisidir. Günümüzde ise göç dalgası, özellikle 2010 yılında Arap Baharı ile başlayan ve domino etkisi göstererek şuan başta Suriye olmak üzere Arap dünyasında ortaya çıkan savaşlar sebebiyle insanların doğup büyüdüğü topraklardan ayrılmak zorunda kalmasıyla ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu dönemden sonra daha çok üstünde durulan ve artık sadece ekonomik faktörlerle açıklanamayan göç olgusunun, 21. yüzyılın en önemli sorunlarından biri olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, uluslararası göç teorilerinin küresel birtakım nedenlerle özellikle Arap dünyasında (Müslüman coğrafyada) ortaya çıkan 21. yüzyıldaki göç dalgasını ne kadar açıklayabildiğini incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada, tarihsel inceleme ve karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda uluslararası göç teorilerinin günümüz şartlarında yenilenmesinin ya da alternatif teorilerin geliştirilmesinin daha faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Göç, Uluslararası Göç Teorileri, Arap Baharı, Suriye, Ekonomi-politik

MIGRATION FACT IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION THEORIES

Migration concept, can be defined as the act of changing the place wehere people live for economic, cultural, political and/or social reasons as a naturel disasters. Different theories have been developed since the second half of the 20th century in order to explain the phenomenon of migration, which is caused by individual or social faktors. Some of these theories are; the theory of micro and macro migration of Neoclassical economics, world systems theory, dual labor market theory, new economics theory of migration, network theory and migration systems theory. Today, the immigration wave has emerged, especially since the Arab Spring started in 2010 and the domino effect led to the emergence of people from the lands that originated in the Arab World, especially in Syria. After this period, it is seen that immigration, which has been emphasized more and can not be explained by economic factors anymore, is one of the most important problems of the 21st century. The purpose of this study is to examine how international theories of migration can explain the emergence of migration in the 21st century, especially in Arab World (Muslim geography) for some global reasons. For this purpose, historical review and comparative analysis method have been preferred. As a result of the examinations carried out, it is considered that the renewal of international migration theories in today’s conditions or the development of alternative theories will be more benefical.

Keywords:

Migration, international migration theories, Arab Spring, Syria, economy-politics,

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