Göktürk Nilgün BAYDAR, FİLİZ HALLAÇ TÜRK

Asmada (Vitis spp.) somatik embriyogenesis ve bitki rejenerasyonu

Bu derlemede, somatik embriyogenesisin tanımı ve bazı önemli özellikleri özetlenmiştir. Ayrıca somatik embriyoların bağcılıkta kullanım alanları ile somatik embriyo oluşumu ve somatik embriyoların gelişimi üzerine etkili olan bazı önemli faktörler ayrıntılı olarak sunulmuştur. Somatik embryogenesis, in vitro sistemlerde somatik hücre ve dokulardan embriyo oluşumu olarak tanımlanır. Tek hücre orijinli olan somatik embriyolar, zigotik embriyolarla büyük benzerliklere sahiptirler. Somatik embriyogenesis asmalarda ıslah (somaklonal varyasyon ve gen transferi teknikleri), klonal çoğaltma ve asma gen kaynaklarının uzun süre muhafaza edilmesi amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, embriyo oluşumu ve bitki rejeneresyonunda basan genotip, eksplant tipi, besin ortamları, büyümeyi düzenleyici maddeler, kültür şartları gibi faktörlere bağlı olarak değişmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

somatik embryogenez, gençleştirme, üzüm

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in grapevine (Vitis spp.)

In this article, description and some important features of somatic embryogenesis were abstracted. And also application areas to grapevine and some important factors affecting the success on somatic embryo formation and plant development were submitted in detail. Somatic embryogenesis can be descripted as the formation of embryos from somatic cells and tissues within in vitro systems. Somatic embryos originate from single cells and have great similarities with zygotic embryos. Somatic embryogenesis is applied to grapevine some purposes such as genetic improvement programs (somaclonal variation and gen transfer techniques), clonal propagation and germplasm conservation. But the success of the embryo formation and plant regeneration are influenced by some factors such as genotype, explain type, nutrient media, growth regulator substances, cultural conditions.

Keywords:

somatic embryogenesis, regeneration, grapes,

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