Yaşlanma ve alglerin anti-gerontolojik etkileri

Günümüzde yeni kentsel yaşam, çalışma koşulları ve antropojenik faaliyetlerde kullanılmakta olan kimyasallar ekolojik kirliliği beraberinde getirmiştir. Kimyasalların canlılarda metabolizma ile ilgili, sitotoksik ve mutajenik hasarlar yaptığı bilinmektedir. Kimyasalların mutajenik ve karsinojenik aktiviteleri arasında ilişki vardır. Ülkemizde en sık ölüm sebebi olan kalp-damar hastalıkları ve kanser rahatsızlıkları insanların genetik ömrünü tamamlamalarına engel oluşturmaktadır. Yaşlanma, vücut fonksiyonlarında geri dönüşümsüz ve ilerleyici bir azalma ve bu sırada yeniden şekillenme ile giden, doğum ile ölüm arasında yer alan kompleks yaşam sürecinin doğal bir parçası olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Gerontoloji Bilimi dünyasında canlılarda yaşlanma sürecini açıklamaya çalışan birçok teori mevcuttur. Somatik mutasyonlar teorisi, telomeraz aktivitesi teorisi, serbest radikaller teorisi, genetik yaşlanma teorisi, İmmünoloji ve endokrin teorisi, kalori kısıtlaması teorisi bunlardan bazılarıdır. Bu teoriler içinde serbest oksijen radikallerinin kronik, birikici etkisi ile yaşlanmayı açıklayan görüş, günümüzde önde gelen teorilerinden biridir. Bu teoriye göre küçük ama bütün yaşam boyunca süren antioksidan sistemdeki yetersizlikler yaşlanmaya neden olmaktadır. Serbest radikaller, tek sayıdaki (eşlenmemiş) elektron sayısına sahip atomlar veya atom gruplarıdır ve hücredeki solunum sırasında oksijen bazı moleküller ile etkileşime girdiğinde oluşturulabilir. Oluştuktan sonra, bu oldukça reaktif radikaller, domino gibi, zincirleme reaksiyonlarla DNA gibi hücre moleküllerine zarar verebilirler. Bu hasarların tamir edilemeyip birikmesi kanser gibi hastalıklara neden olabilir ve yaşlanmayı hızlandırır. Antioksidanlar kanser, yaşlanma ve çeşitli hastalıkların ortak yolağı olan hücresel hasarın önlenmesinde yakından ilgilidir. Vücudun kendi antioksidan savunma sistemine ek olarak, serbest radikal hasarını önlemek için antioksidanlar gıdalarla birlikte alınmalıdır. Bu nedenle her geçen gün önemi artan bazı alg çeşitleri ve onlardan teknoloji ile elde edilen antioksidan bileşikler destek besini olarak ticari işletmelerce piyasaya sunulmaktadır. Bazı alglerin kıymetli antioksidanlar içerdiği bilinmektedir ve antioksidanlarca zengin bu alglerin anti-gerontolojik rolü önemli bir konudur. Diyete özellikle alglerden elde edilen antioksidanların eklenmesi ile bazı model hayvan türlerinde ömür uzunluğu ile ilgili pozitif sonuçlar alınmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, alglerin zengin antioksidan içerikleri nedeniyle gelecekteki anti-gerontolojik potansiyellerine dikkat çekmektir

Aging and anti-gerontological effects of algae

Today, a new urban living, chemicals that are being used in working conditions and anthropogenic activity has brought environmental pollution. It is known that chemicals cause metabolismal, cytotoxic and mutagenic damage on living things. There is a relationship between the mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals activities. The most common cause of death, heart disease and cancer in Turkey, this situation creates obstacles to people's complete genetic life. Aging, leading to progressive and irreversible decrease in body functions and meanwhile remodeling, is defined as a natural part of the complex life cycle between birth and death. There are many theories trying to explain the aging process of living organisms in gerontology science. Somatic mutation theory, telomerase activity theory, the theory of free radicals, the theory of genetic aging, immunology and endocrine theory, calorie restriction theory are some of them. Nowadays, the view which explains the aging with chronic and cumulative effects of the free oxygen radicals is one of the leading theories. According to this theory, small but all imperfections in antioxidant system during the period of life cause aging. Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms with an odd (unpaired) number of electrons and can be formed when oxygen interacts with certain molecules during the respiration in the cell. Once formed, these highly reactive radicals, such as dominoes, can damage cellular molecules such as DNA by chain reactions. The accumulation of these damages can lead to diseases such as cancer and accelerate aging. Antioxidants are closely related to the prevention of cellular damage, which is a common pathway to cancer, aging and various diseases. In addition to the body's own antioxidant defense system, antioxidants must also be taken with foods to prevent free radical damage. Therefore, some varieties of algae growing in importance every day and antioxidant compounds obtained from them by the technology have been offered to commercial enterprises by the market as nutritional supplements. It is known that some algae contain valuable antioxidants and the anti-gerontological role of these algae rich in antioxidants is an important issue. Some positive results were obtained on animal model species about longevity by dietary addition of antioxidants derived from the algae. The purpose of this study is to draw attention to the future anti-gerontological potentials of algae because of their rich antioxidant content

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