SELMİN ÖZER, Merve KONUCU, Hülya ALTUNTAŞ, Revasiye GÜLEŞEN, Belkıs LEVENT, MAHMUT ÜLGER

Kırmızı yanaklı su kaplumbağalarında (Trachemys scripta elegans) Salmonella spp. varlığı ve antibakteriyel duyarlılıkları

Son yıllarda kırmızı yanaklı su kaplumbağaları (Trachemys scripta elegans, Wied-Neuwied, 1839) ülkemizde evcil hayvan olarak ilgi görmektedir. Sürüngen hayvanların normal bağırsak mikrobiyotasında Salmonella türlerini barındırdıkları ise bilinen bir durumdur. Ülkemizde evcil hayvan olarak satışı yapılan kırmızı yanaklı su kaplumbağaları ile ilgili yapılmış herhangi bir mikrobiyolojik araştırmaya rastlanamamıştır. Bu çalışmada, evcil hayvan işletmelerinde satışa sunulan kırmızı yanaklı su kaplumbağalarında, insanlar için patojen olan Salmonella spp. varlığı ve antibakteriyel ilaç duyarlılıkları araştırılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, Mersin’de 10 ayrı işletmeden 10’ar adet kaplumbağanın kloaka sürüntü örneği ve kaplumbağaların içinde barındığı sudan 50 mL alınarak toplam 110 adet çalışılmıştır. Salmonella izolasyonu ve identifikasyonu klasik teknikler, API20E ticari sistemi, aglütinasyon yöntemine dayalı serolojik testler ve arbitrarily primed polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (AP-PZR) uygulanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. İzolatların antibakteriyel duyarlılık testi Kirby-Bauer disk difüzyon yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma neticesinde beş adet Salmonella spp. izole edilmiş, izolatlar 100 adet kırmızı yanaklı kaplumbağa kloaka sürüntü örneğinin dördünde (% 4) ve 10 adet su örneğinin birinde (% 10) saptanmıştır. İzolatların tümünün Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar pomona [28; y; 1,7 (z60)] ve AP-PZR sonuçlarına göre de izolatların aynı genotipik yapıya sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Antibakteriyel ilaç duyarlılık test sonuçlarına göre izolatların tamamının ampisilin, enrofloksasin, gentamisin, neomisin, siprofloksasin, streptomisin, tetrasiklin ve sülfametoksazol-trimetoprime duyarlı; doksisilin’e orta derecede duyarlı; amoksisilin, eritromisin, klindamisin, linkomisin, novobiosin, penisilin ve vankomisin’e dirençli oldukları anlaşılmıştır. Yapılmış olan literatür taramalarına göre Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar pomona ülkemizde ilk defa saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Mersin’de satışı yapılan kırmızı yanaklı su kaplumbağalarında ve paludaryum suyu örneğinde Salmonella spp. saptanmış olup, özellikle çocuk, hamile, yaşlı ve bağışıklık sistemi yetersizliği olan bireylerin bu hayvanlarla ve suyla temaslarında hijyen kurallarına uymaları; insan sağlığının korunması amacıyla pet hayvanlardan kaynaklanabilecek bulaş tehlikesinin daha ayrıntılı araştırılarak, gerekli tedbirlerin alınması önem arz etmektedir.

Occurence and antibacterial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. on red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans)

In recent years, red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans, Wied-Neuwied, 1839) are popular among domestic pet animals, in Turkey. It is well known that intestinal microbiota of reptiles embody the types of human pathogenic Salmonella. In our country, there is no research about this issue. In this study the presence of Salmonella on red-eared slider turtles saled in pet shops in Mersin was determined. Also antibacterial susceptibilities of the isolates have been detected. For this purpose, a total of 100 cloacal swab samples of 100 turtles and 10 water samples, provided from ten pet shops, were studied. Isolation and identification of Salmonella have been carried out by conventional techniques, API20E trade system, agglutination tests for serological diagnosis, and arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR). Antibacterial susceptibility test was performed by KirbyBauer disk diffusion method. As a result of this study, five Salmonella spp. have been isolated, four (4 %) from turtles, and one (10 %) from water. All the strains have been identified as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar pomona [28; y; 1.7 (z60)]. According to the results of AP-PCR the genotypic structure of the isolates were identical. The antibacterial susceptibility results of the five isolates were also identical. All isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; moderately sensitive to doxycycline; and resistant to amoxicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, novobiocin, penicillin, and vancomycin. To best of our knowledge, this is the first detection of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Pomona in our country. Findings of this study indicates that hygiene precautions are nessessary in contact with red eared water turtles and their paludarium water. Further investigations are necessary for protection of human health from the risk of microbiological contaminations by pet animals.

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