Cemal Turan, Fikret Öndes, Vahdet Ünal, Yeliz Özbilgin, Cengiz Deval

Doğu Akdeniz, Türkiye’de balon balıklarının hedef dışı avı ve parasal zararları

Yerli olmayan balon balıkları 1930’lu yıllardan beri Akdeniz ekosisteminin bir parçası olmasına rağmen bu türlerin hedef dışı avı konusu ile ilgili bilgi eksikliği söz konusudur. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Ege ve Akdeniz kıyılarında balon balıklarının farklı av araçlarındaki hedef dışı avını kıyaslamayı ve balon balıklarından kaynaklanan parasal zararları tespit etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, Haziran-Aralık 2017 periyodunda 7 kıyı ilinde, toplam 467 ticari ve amatör balıkçı (n= 244 ve n= 223 sırasıyla) ile görüşülmüştür. Yarı yapılandırılmış anket, balon balıklarının av araçlarındaki hedef dışı av miktarı ve balıkçılıkta sebep oldukları parasal zararlar hakkında detaylı bilgi sağlamıştır. Av araçlarında yakalanan en yaygın balon balığı türü Lagocephalus sceleratusolarak tespit edilmiştir. Akdeniz kıyısındaki hedef dışı av miktarı Ege kıyısına nazaran daha yüksek bulunmuştur. En yüksek hedef dışı av miktarı, güney kıyılarında gırgır ve trollerden kaydedilirken, batı kıyılarında uzatma ağlarında tespit edilmiştir. Mevsimsel değişimler dikkate alındığında, hem ticari hem de amatör balıkçılıkta en yüksek hedef dışı av yaz aylarında gözlemlenmiştir. Güney kıyılarında avlanan küçük ölçekli balıkçıların % 92’si balon balıklarının av araçlarında hasara sebep olduğunu belirtmiş ve ayrıca balıkçıların %90’ı, bu türlerin yakaladıkları hedef ava da zarar verdiklerini rapor etmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak, balon balığı türleri (örn. L. sceleratus), bilinmeyen etkileri ile ekosistemin bir parçasıdır. Bu türlerin etkilerini azaltmak için balıkçılık yönetiminde bazı bilgilere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Mevcut çalışma, bu alandaki boşlukları doldurmaya katkı koymaktadır.

By-catch and monetary loss of pufferfish in Turkey, the Eastern Mediterranean

Non-native pufferfish have been a part of the Mediterranean marine ecosystem since the 1930s. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the by-catch of these species. This studyaimed to compare the by-catch of pufferfish species between different types of fishing gear and to determine the monetary losses due to pufferfish on the Aegean (west) and Mediterranean(south) coasts of Turkey. A total of 467 commercial and recreational fishers (n= 244 and n=223 respectively), based in the 7 coastal cities were interviewed in the period of June - December2017. A semi-structured questionnaire provided detailed information on by-catch amount of pufferfish in fishing gears, and economic loss caused by pufferfish. The most commonly caughtpufferfish species was Lagocephalus sceleratus. The by-catch amount of pufferfish is higher on the Mediterranean coast in comparison with the Aegean coast. The highest pufferfish by-catch wasrecorded in purse seines and trawls on the south coasts, but in set nets on the west coasts. When seasonal changes were considered, the highest by-catch was occurred in the summer monthsfor both commercial and recreational fisheries. Regarding the damages caused by pufferfish species in the small-scale fisheries, 92% and 90% of fishers, who fished on the south coasts, claimedthat pufferfish species damage their fishing gears and fish entangled to these fishing gears, respectively. In conclusion, pufferfish species (e.g. L. sceleratus) are part of the ecosystem with theirunknown quantified impacts. In fact, such information is required for fisheries management to mitigate the impacts of these species. The present study contributes to filling the gaps in this area.

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