Deniz Günay, Mustafa Tolga Tolon, Dilek Emiroğlu

Farklı stok yoğunluklarının deniz hıyarı Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1788) yumurtalarının açılma ve yaşama oranlarına etkileri

Bu çalışmada, Holothuria tubulosa yumurtalarının, dört farklı stok yoğunluğunda (1,5,15,30 yumurta/ml) açılma ve yaşama oranlarını belirlemek ve aynı zamanda stok yoğunluğunun farklı evrelerdeki yumurta çapına ve larval boyutuna etkisini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Döllenmiş Holothuria tubulosa yumurtaları, 30 l hacimli silindir konik kollektörlere stoklanmıştır. Yumurtalar; döllenme anında, erken gastrulasyon, geç gastrulasyon ve yumurtadan çıkma aşamasında mikroskop altında sayılmıştır. Stok yoğunluğu ile açılma oranı arasında ters ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur (r = -0.848; p0.05) etkilememiştir. Sonuç olarak, Holothuria tubulosa’nın döllenmiş yumurtalarının en yüksek açılma ve yaşama oranları için optimum stoklama yoğunluğu 1-5 yumurta / ml olmuştur.

Effects of various stocking densities on hatching and survival rates of sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa eggs (Gmelin, 1788)

: In this study, it was aimed to determine the opening and survival rates of Holothuria tubulosa eggs at four different stocking densities (1,5,15,30 eggs / ml) and to determine the effectof stocking density on egg size and larval size in different stages. Fertilized Holothuria tubulosa eggs were stocked in cylindrical conical collectors with a capacity of 30 l. Eggs were countedunder light microscope at fertilization, early gastrulation, late gastrulation and hatching stages. It was found that there is an inverse relationship between stock intensity and opening rate (r =-0.848; p 0.05). As a result, the optimal stocking density for the highest hatching and survival rates of the fertilizedeggs of Holothuria tubulosa was determined as 1-5 eggs / ml.

PDF

___

Agudo, N. (2006). Sandfish hatchery techniques. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), The Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) and the World Fish Centre. Noumea: New Caledonia.
Asha, P. & Diwakar, K. (2013). Effect of stocking density on the hatching rate, larval and early juvenile rearing of edible sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1883). Indian Journal of GeoMarine Science, 42, 191-195.
Battaglene S. C., Seymour, J. E. Ramofafia, C & Lane, I. (2002). Spawning induction of three tropical sea cucumbers, Holothuria scabra, H. fuscogilva and Actinopyga mauritiana. Aquaculture, 207(1), 29-47. DOI:10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00725-6
Battaglene S. C. & Bell, J. D. (1999). Potential of the tropical IndoPacific seacucumber, Holothuria scabra, for stock enhancement. In B.R. Howell, E. Moskness, T. Svasand (Eds.), Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching (pp 478-490). Blackwell, Oxford.
Choo P. S. (2008). Population status, fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in Asia. In: V., Toral-Granda, A. Lovatelli, M. Vasconcellos, M. (Eds.), Sea cucumbers A global review of fisheries and trade (pp 81-118). Rome: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No.516.
Çakli Ş., Cadun, A., Kışla, D. & Dinçer, T. (2004). Determination of quality characteristics of Holothuria tubulosa, (Gmelin, 1788) in Turkish sea (Aegean Region) depending on sun drying process step used in Turkey. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 13(3), 69-28. DOI: 10.1300/J030v13n03_07
Dabbagh, A. R., Sedaghat, M. R., Rameshi, H. & Kamrani, E. (2011). Breeding and larval rearing of the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota Brandt (Holothuria vegabunda Selenka) from the northern Persian Gulf, Iran. SPC Beche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 31, 35-38.
FAO (2017). Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery (23.04.2017).
Gamboa R., Gomez, A. L. & Nievales, M. F. (2005). The status of sea cucumber fishery and mariculture in the Philippines. In: A. Lovatelli, C. Conand, S. Purcell, S. Uthicke, J.F. Hamel, A. Mercier (Eds): Advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and management (pp 69-78). Rome: FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No.463.
Guisado C., Carrasco, S.A., Guisado, D.D., Maltrain, R. & Rojas, H. (2012). Embryonic development, larval morphology and juvenile growth of the sea cucumber Athyonidium chilensis (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 47(1), 65-73.
Günay D., Emiroglu, D., Tolon, T., Ozden, O. & Saygi, H. (2015). Growth and Survival Rate of Juvenile Sea Cucumbers (Holothuria tubulosa, Gmelin, 1788) at Various Temperatures. Turkish Journal of Fisheries Aquatic Sciences, 15, 533-541. DOI: 10.4194/1303-2712-v15_2_41
Ivy G. & Giraspy, D. A. B. (2006). Development of large-scale hatchery production techniques for the commercially important sea cucumber Holothuria scabra veriscolor (Conand, 1986) in Queensland, Australia. SPC Beche-de-Mer Information Bulletin, 24, 28-34.
İsgören-Emiroglu, D. & Günay, D. (2007). The effect of sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa G. 1788 on nutrient and organic matter contents of bottom sediment of oligotrophic and hypereutrophic shores. Fresenius Environment Bulletin, 16, 290-294.
James, D. B., Gandhi, A. D., Palaniswamy, N., & Rodrigo, J. X. (1994). Hatchery techniques and culture of the sea-cucumber Holothuria scabra. CMFRI Special Publication, 57, 1-40.
James D. (1996). Culture of sea-cucumber. Bulletin of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, 48, 120-126.
Kashenko S. D. (2005). Responses of Embryos and Larvae of the Starfish Asterias amurensis to Changes in Temperature and Salinity. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 31(5), 294-302. DOI: 10.1007/s11179-005-0091-9
Liu G., Yang, H. & Liu, S. (2010). Effects of rearing temperature and density on growth, survival and development of sea cucumber larvae, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 28(4), 842-848. DOI: 10.1007/s00343-010-9092-4
Morgan, A. D. (2009). Assessment of egg and larval quality during hatchery production of the temperate sea cucumber, Australostichopus mollis (Levin). Journal of World Aquaculture Society, 40(5), 629-642.DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2009.00283.x
Ocaña A. & Tocino L. S. (2005). Spawning of Holothuria tubulosa (Holothurioidea, Echinodermata) in the Alboran Sea (Mediterranean Sea). Zoologica Baetica, 16, 147-150.
Pia T. S., Johnson, T & George, S.B. (2012). Salinity-induced morphological changes in Pisaster ochraceus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) larvae. Journal of Plankton Research, 34(7), 590-601.
Pitt R., Thu, N., Minh, M. & Phuc, H. (2001). Preliminary sandfish growth trials in tanks, ponds and pens in Vietnam. SPC Beche-demer Information Bulletin, 15, 17-27.
Purcell S. W., Hair C.A. & Mills D.J. (2012). Sea cucumber culture, farming and sea ranching in the tropics: Progress, problems and opportunities. Aquaculture, 368, 68-81. DOI: 10.1016/j. aquaculture.2012.08.053
Purcell S. W., Mercier, A. & Conand, C. (2013). Sea cucumber fisheries: Global analysis of stocks, management measures and drivers of overfishing. Fish and Fisheries, 14(1), 34-59. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00443.x
Raison C. (2008). Advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and prospects for commercial culture of Holothuria scabra. CAB Reviews, 3(82), 1-15. DOI:10.1079/PAVSNNR20083082
Ramofafia C., Gervis, M. & Bell, J. (1995). Spawning and early larval rearing of Holothuria atra. SPC Bêche-de-mer Information Bulletin, 7, 2-6.
Santos R., Dias S., Pinteus S., Silva J., Alves Tecelao C., Pedrosa R. & Pompo A. (2015). Sea cucumber Holothuria forskali, a new resource for aquaculture? Reproductive biology and nutraceutical approach. Aquaculture Research, 47, 2307-2323. DOI: 10.1111/are.12683
Sicuro B., Levine J. (2011). Sea cucumber in the Mediterranean: a potential species for aquaculture in the Mediterranean. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 19(3), 299-304.
Sui, X. (1989). The main factors influencing the larval development and survival rate of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica, 4, 314-321.
Tolon T., Emiroglu D., Günay D. & Saygi, H. (2015). Effect of Sediment Grain Size on Growth Performance of Juvenile Sea Cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa). Turkish Journal of Fisheries Aquatic Sciences, 15, 555-559.
Tolon T., Emiroğlu D., Günay D. & Hancı (2017). Effect of stocking density on growth performance of juvenile sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1788). Aquaculture Research, 48(8), 4124-4131. DOI: 10.1111/are.13232
Tuwo A. & Tresnati J. (2015). Sea Cucumber Farming in Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam). In: N. P. Brown, S.D. Eddy (Eds): Echinoderm Aquaculture (pp 331-352). USA: John Wiley & Sons
Yanagisawa T. (1998). Aspects of the biology and culture of the sea cucumber. In: S. S. De Silva (Ed.): Tropical Mariculture (pp 291-308). London: Academic. DOI: 10.1016/B978-012210845-7/50009-X
Yaroslavtseva L. M. & Sergeeva, E.P. (2002). Sensitivity of embryos and larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius to effects of copper ions. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 28(6), 393-397. DOI: 10.1023/A:1021801231005