Erdem ÇAKALOĞLU, Onur AKYÜZ, Buse SULU, Perican BAYAR

PROFESYONEL FUTBOLCULARDA HEDEF YÖNELİMİNİN MOTİVASYONEL YÖNELİM ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Hedef yönelimi Nicholls (1989) tarafından ortaya atılmış ve bir kişinin nasıl yetkinlik gösterdiği ego ve görev yönelimi olmak üzere iki farklı yöne ayrılmıştır. Deci ve Ryan (1985) bireylerin belirli içsel ya da dışsal nedenlerle sportif aktiviteye katıldıklarını ve devam ettirdiklerini belirtmiştir. İçsel motivasyon, kişinin bir etkinliğe katılmasını, bu durumdan haz alması ve doyum sağlamasını ifade etmektedir. Dışsal motivasyon ise, diğer insanlar aracılığıyla gelen maddi, manevi değerler taşıyan pekiştireçler olarak ifade edilmektedir. Spora katılan bireylerde motivasyon ve hedef yönelimini anlamak, performansı arttırmada antrenman programları geliştirilmesinde ve bu programlara bağlılığı sağlamada antrenörlere yardımcı olabilir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, profesyonel futbolcuların hedef yönelimlerinin motivasyonel yönelimlerini nasıl etkilediğini incelemektir. Araştırmaya 121 (Xyaş= 23.6± 3.6 yıl) profesyonel futbolcu katılmıştır. Katılımcıların hedef yönelimlerini belirlemek için Toros (2001) tarafından Türk popülasyonuna uyarlanan ‘‘Sporda Görev ve Ego Yönelimi Ölçeği (SGYÖ)’’, motivasyonel yönelimlerini belirlemek için ise Kazak (2001) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan ‘‘Sporda Güdülenme Ölçeği (SGÖ)’’ kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için İlk aşamada katılımcıların SGYÖ’den aldıkları puanlara göre 4 grup oluşturulmuştur: Yüksek ego- Düşük görev, Düşük ego- Yüksek görev, Yüksek ego-Yüksek görev ve Düşük ego-Düşük görev. Sonrasında 4 (Grup) x 3 (içsel, dışsal, amotivasyon) One Way ANOVA’dan faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre Düşük Ego-Yüksek Görev yönelimli sporcular, Yüksek Ego-Düşük Görev yönelimli sporculara göre içsel motivasyon alt boyutundan anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek puan almışlardır (p<0.05). Grupların Amotivasyon alt boyutundan aldıkları puanlar incelendiğinde Düşük Ego-Yüksek Görev yönelimi grubu puanları, Düşük Ego-Düşük Görev ve Yüksek Ego-Yüksek Görev yönelimi gruplarından anlamlı düzeyde daha düşüktür (p<0.05). Bu Araştırmanın sonuçlarına bakıldığında, Yüksek Görev-Düşük Ego yönelimli futbolcuların Düşük Görev-Yüksek Ego yönelimlilere göre daha fazla içsel motivasyona sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Bu durum literatürde yer alan birçok çalışma ile paralellik göstermektedir (Ryan ve Deci, 2007; van de Pol ve ark., 2012). Daha başarılı sporcuların yetişmesine katkı sağlamadaki kritik önemi göz önüne alındığında içsel motivasyonu ve görev yönelimini arttırmaya yönelik çalışmaların arttırılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Futbol, Hedef Yönelimi, Motivasyon

THE EFFECT OF GOAL ORIENTATION ON MOTIVATIONAL ORIENTATION IN PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERS

Goal orientation was proposed by Nicholls (1989), and refers to how a person shows competence divided into two different directions: ego and task orientation. Deci and Ryan (1985) stated that individuals participate and continue sport activities for certain internal or external reasons. Intrinsic motivation refers to one's participation in an activity, pleasure and satisfaction from this situation. External motivation, on the other hand, is expressed as reinforcers carrying material and spiritual values through other people. Understanding the motivation and goal orientation of individuals participating in sports can help coaches to develop training programs and improve adherence to performance. The aim of this study is to investigate how the goal orientations of professional footballers affect their motivational orientations. 121 (Xyas = 23.6 ± 3.6 years) professional football players participated in the study. In order to determine the target orientations of the participants, ‘Sporda Görev ve Ego Yönelimi Ölçeği (SGYÖ)’ adapted to Turkish by Toros (2001) and to determine their motivational orientations, ‘Sporda Güdülenme Ölçeği (SGÖ)’ adapted to Turkish by Kazak (2001) were used. For the analysis of data In the first stage, 4 groups were formed according to the scores obtained by the participants from the SGYÖ: High ego-Low task, Low ego-High task, High ego-High task and Low ego-Low task. Then 4 (Group) x 3 (internal, external, amotivation) One Way ANOVA was used. According to the findings of the study, Low Ego-High Task-oriented athletes scored significantly higher than the intrinsic motivation sub-dimension compared to High Ego-Low Task-oriented athletes (p <0.05). When the scores obtained from the Amotivation sub-dimension of the groups were examined, the Low Ego-High Task orientation group scores were significantly lower than the Low Ego-Low Task and High Ego-High Task orientation groups (p <0.05). When the results of this study are examined, it can be said that high duty-low ego-oriented players have more intrinsic motivation than low duty-high ego-oriented players. This situation is in parallel with many studies in the literature (Ryan and Deci, 2007; van de Pol et al., 2012). Given the critical importance of contributing to the training of more successful athletes, it is recommended to increase efforts to increase intrinsic motivation and task orientation.

Keywords:

Football, Goal Orientation, Motivation,

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