FUTBOLDA DAR ALAN OYUNLARININ ÖNEMİ

Dar alan oyunları (DAO) belirli bir amaca yönelik olarak 11'e 11 oyuncu sayısından az oyuncu ile nizami futbol sahasından daha küçük ölçülere sahip alanda, futbolun normal oyun kuralları ile veya değiştirilmiş kurallar ile futbol oyununa uygulanmış antrenman modelleridir. Bu oyunlarda amaç gerçek müsabakada gerekli fizyolojik yüklenimlere, teknik, taktiksel ve motivasyonel gerekliliklere modifiye edilmiş antrenman uygulamaları ile ulaşmaktır. Bu gerekliliklere ulaşmak için oyun sahası ölçülerinin değiştirilmesi, farklı oyuncu sayısı kullanımı, kural değişiklikleri, sözel destek verilmesi, kaleci ve kale kullanılması gibi farklı uygulamalara gidilmektedir. Özellikle oyuncu başına düşen alan, bu değişikleri fazlaca etkilemekte ve oyuncu başına düşen alan artırıldığında daha yüksek egzersiz şiddeti ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Az oyuncu ile oynatılan DAO'larında ise, fizyolojik yüklenim ve teknik değerlerde artış olmaktadır. Kaleci kullanımı ise fizyolojik yüklenim amaçlanan DAO'larında uygun gözükmemektedir. Yine verilen sözel desteğin oyuncular üzerinde etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Sonuç olarak DAO aerobik adaptasyon amaçlı kullanıldığında, hedef KA sayısının maksimal KA sayısının %90'ının üzerinde olması gerektiğinden, özellikle fazla oyunculu DAO'ları fizyolojik adaptasyon için yetersiz kalabilmektedir. Bu yetersizlik kural değişikliği, alan ölçüleri değişikliği vb. modifikasyonlar ile giderilmelidir. Hedef KA sayısı maksimal KA sayısının % 90'ının altında kalabilecek olan (5'e 5'den fazla oyunculu) DAO'lar sezon başında oynatılmalıdır.

IMPORTANCE OF SMALL-SIDED GAMES IN SOCCER

Small-sided games (SSG) is an informal or modified form of soccer played in reduced-sized pitches, with reduced number of players and modified rules to reach the physiological, technical, tactical and motivational needs of a real game during trainings. To reach the aim of training, sometimes, it is necessary to change the pitch size, number of players, rules or give verbal supports and use a goal and goalkeepers. Specifically, the size of the area per player plays in affects the already modified issues aforementioned and when the field space for per person is increased, higher exercise intensity is observed. It is observed that when fewer number of players play in a SSG, physiological loads and technical values increase. The use of a goal and goalkeepers decreases the physiological loads in training. Verbal support is known to have a positive effect on players to increase physiological loads. As a results, as the target HR for aerobic adaptation has to be over 90% of the max HR, particularly SSGs with more players can be insufficient for physiological adaptation when they aim for aerobic adaptation. This insufficiency has to be resolved with rule modifications, changing pitch size, using fewer players, etc. SSGs targeting HR under the max HR of 90% (5vs5 to 10vs10) should be played in the pre-season preparation period.

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