Hatha yoganın ve kalistenik egzersizlerin statik denge üzerindeki etkileri

Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlıklı genç yetişkinlerde Hatha yoga ve kalistenik egzersizlerin statik denge üzerine olan etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmaya katılan yaşları 18 ile 26 arasında değişen 33 sağlıklı genç yetişkin denek iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Hatha yoga eğitimi alan 10 kız ve 7 erkek (yaş ortalamaları: 20.06±2.41 yıl) hatha yoga grubunu (HYG), kalistenik egzersizler uygulanan 9 kız ve 7 erkek (yaş ortalamaları:19.75±1.81 yıl) kalistenik egzersiz grubunu (KEG) oluşturmuştur. Her iki gruptaki deneklere eğitimden önce ve sonra flamingo denge testi ve gözler kapalı tek ayak üstünde durma testi yapılmıştır. Hatha yoga ve kalistenik egzersiz grubuna günde 1 saat, haftada 4 gün ve 6 hafta süreyle eğitim verilmiştir, istatistiksel analiz için Wilcoxon Eşleştirilmiş iki Örnek testi ve Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Hat-ha yoga grubunda eğitim sonrasında flamingo denge testi (başat ve başat olmayan tarafta p=0.00) ve gözler kapalı tek ayak üzerinde durma testi (başat ve başat olmayan tarafta p=0.00) skorlarında anlamlı bir artış bulunurken, kalistenik egzersiz grubunda flamingo denge testi (başat taraf p=0.116, başat olmayan taraf p=0.221) ve gözler kapalı tek ayak üzerinde durma testi (başat taraf p=0.011 ve başat olmayan taraf p=0.079) skorlarında anlamlı artış görülmemiştir. Eğitimröncesi ve sonrası farklar açısından gruplar karşılaştırıldığında ise flamingo denge testi (başat taraf p=0.00, başat olmayan taraf p=0.00) ve gözler kapalı tek ayak üzerinde durma testi (başat taraf p=0.001, başat olmayan taraf p=0.005) skorlarında HYG lehine istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak sağlıklı genç yetişkinlerde hatha yoga eğitiminin statik dengeyi artırdığı görülmüştür.

Effects of Hatha yoga and calisthenic exercise training on static balance

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hatha yoga (HY) training and calisthenic exercises on static balance in healthy young adults. Thirty three sedentary, healthy, young adult volunteers were attended to the study. They were divided into two groups. 10 female and 7 male(mean aged:20.06±2.41 years) subjects were trained with HY and 9 female and 7 male (mean aged: 19.75±1.81 years) subjects were trained with calisthenics. All the subjects were assessed with flamingo balance test and one-leg balance test with eyes closed before and after training program. Both training programs were, applied for six weeks, four days a week with one hour of duration. Wilcoxon Paired Two Sample test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to for statistical analysis. There were no significant increases in values of flamingo balance test at dominant (p=0.116) and nondominant (p=0.221) side in calisthenic exercise group, while a significant increase were seen in HYG (at both sides p=0.00). There were no significant increases in values of one-leg balance test with eyes closed at dominant (p=0.011) and nondominant (p=0.079) side in calisthenic exercise group, while a significant increase were seen in HYG (at both sides p=0.00). When the groups compared flamingo balance test (at both sides p=0.00) and one-leg balance test with eyes closed (dominant and nondominant side of p values respectively 0.001, 0.005) in HY group were significantly higher. In conclusion, HY exercises have positive effects on static balance in healthy young adults.

PDF

___

Bohannon, R.W.,Larkin, P. A., Cook, A, C, Gear, J & Singer, J. (1984). Decrease in timed balance test scores with aged. Physical Therapy. 64 (7), 1067-1070.
Bruininks, R. H. (1978). Examiner's Manual for Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Circle Pines: American Guidance Services.
Crutchfield, C. A. (1989). Balance and coordination training. In Scully, M. R & Barnes R. M (Eds). Physical Therapy, (pp 825-843) Philadelphia: Lippincot Company.
Danile, D.A & Williem, E. (1993). Athletic Training. (8. Baskı). Boston: Prentice.
Diskin, A. (1995). Yoga hareketleri ve Beslenme Rejimi. Çev. Güngören, I. İstanbul: Yol Yayınları,
EUROFIT (1988). Handbook for the EUROFIT Test of Physical Fitness. Council of Europe, Committee for the Development of Sport. Rome, Italy. Edigraf Editoriale Grafica.
Frank, S. J & Earl, M. (1990). Coordination of posture and movement. Physical Therapy. 70 (12), 855-863.
Hoare, S. (1982). TacleYoga. London: Stanley Paul & Co. Ltd.
Hoare, S. (1992). Yoga. (2. Baskı). İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevİ.
Jain, S. C, Alka, U., Bhatnagar, S.O.D & Talukdar, B. (1993). A study of response pattern of non-insulin dependent diabetics to yoga therapy. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 19, 69-74.
Jenkins, W., Bronner, S & Mangine, R. (1997). Functional evaluation and treatment of the lower extremity. In Brownstein, B & Bronner, S (Eds). Functional Movement (pp 191-229) NewYork: Churchill Livingstone.
Joshi, L N-, Joshi, V. D & Gokhale, LV. (1992). Effects of short term pranayama practice on breathing rate and ventilatory functions of lung. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 36 (2), 105-108.
Krumhansi, B. R & Novacek C. A. (1986). Manipulation under anaesthesia. In Grieve G. P. (Ed). Modem Manual Therapy of the Vertebral Column, (pp 777-786) Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
Lephart, S. M., Pinvicero, D. M., Giraldo, J. L & Fu, F. H. (1997). The role of proprioception in the manegement and rehabilitation of athletic injuries. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 25 (1), 130-137.
Madan, M., Trombre, D. P & Balakumar, B. (1992). Effect of yoga training on reaction time, respiratory endurance and muscle strength. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 36 (4), 29-233.
Malathi, A & Parulkar, V. G. (1989). Effect of yogasanas on the visual and auditory reaction time. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 33, 110-112.
Narayan, R., Kamat, A & Khanolkar, M. (1990). Quantitative evaluation of mucle reaction induced by kundalini yoga with the help of EMG integrator. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 34 (4), 279-281.
Ragnarsdottir, M. (1996). The concept of balance. Physiotherapy. 82 (6), 368-374.
Schell, F J., Allalio, B & Schonecke, O.W. (1994). Physiological and psychological effects of Hatha-Yoga exercise in healthy women. Int J Psychosom. 41(1-4), 46-435.
Singh, V, Wisniewski, A., Britton, J & Tattersfield, A. (1990). Effect of breathing {pranayama) on airway reactivity in subjects with asthma. Lancet 335,1381-1383.
Solazzo, A. D., Field, T. M & Blank, J. (1992). Relaxation therapy reduces anxiety in child and adolescent psychiatric patients. Acta Paedospsychiatrica. 55, 115-120.
Stancak, A., Kuna, M & Srivanasan. (1991). Kapalabhati-yogic cleansing exercise I. Cardiovascular and respiratory changes. Homeostasis. 33 (3), 126-134.
Suni, J. H., Oja, P & Laukkanen, R. T. (1996). Healthy-related fitness test battery for adults: aspects of reliability. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 77, 399-405.
Telles, S., Hanumanthaiah, B., Nagarathna, R & Nagendra, HR. (1993). Improvement in static motor performance following yogic training of school children. Percept Mot Skills. 76,1264-1266.
Telles, S., Hanumanthaiah, B., Nagarathna, R & Nagendra, H. R. (1994). Plasticity of motor control system demonstrated by yoga training. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 38 (2), 143-144.
Van Montffrans, G. A,, Karamaker, J. M., Wieling, W & Dunning, A. J. (1990). Relaxation therapy and continuous ambulotory blood pressure in mild hypertension: a controlled study. Br MedJ. 300, 1368-1372.
Zebroff, K. (1995). Yoga Für Jeden. Frankfurt: Clausen & Basse.