ELEKTROMYOSTİMÜLASYON ANTRENMANLARININ NÖRAL ADAPTASYON VE SPORTİF PERFORMANS ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ.

Başlangıçta rehabilitasyon ve tedavi amaçlı olarak uygulanan elektromyostimülasyon (EMS) daha sonra popüler bir antrenman yöntemi olarak antrenörlerin, sporcuların ve spor bilimcilerin ilgisini çekmiştir. EMS, kas dokusu ya da motor noktalar üzerine uygulanan elektriksel akımlar olarak tanımlanabilir. Elektriksel uyarılı ve istemli kasılmalar sırasında kaslar farklı şekilde aktive olmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar EMS antrenmanlarının kas hipertrofisi için gereken kas kuvvetini daha kısa zamanda arttırdığını ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir hipertrofi olmaksızın artan kuvvetin nöral gelişimin en önemli kanıtı olduğunu göstermektedir. EMS antrenmanlarının maksimal istemli kuvvette artış sağlaması spinal ve supraspinal merkezlerden aktif kaslara olan nöral sürüşte, spinal uyarılabilirlikte, aktive olan motor ünite miktarında ve senkronizasyonunda artış olasılığını da akla getirmektedir. Bunun yanında ünilateral uygulanan EMS antrenmanlarının kontralateral homolog kasta da kuvvet artışları sağlaması EMS antrenmanlarının supraspinal merkezleri ve farklı kortikal bölgeleri etkilediğini göstermektedir. Bu kapsam dahilinde yapılan çalışmaların ışığında derlemenin amacı EMS antrenmanlarına dayalı nöral adaptasyonlar ve EMS antrenmanlarının sedanter ve sporcuların sportif performanlarında meydana getirdiği etkileri incelemektir.

THE EFFECTS OF ELECTROMYOSTIMULATION TRAINING ON NEURAL ADAPTATION AND SPORTS PERFORMANCE

Electromyostimulation (EMS), being applied for rehabilitation and treatment, attrached to the trainers, athletes and sport scientiests as a popular training method. EMS can be defined as electrical currents are applied to the muscle tissue or motor points. The muscles are activated in different ways during voluntary and electrically evoked contractions. Past studies showed that EMS training increases muscular strength less time is required for muscle hypertrophy and also strength development without a statistically significant hypertrophy is the most important evidence of neural adaptations. Therefore, EMS training brings to mind the possibility of an increase in magnitude of neural output from spinal and supraspinal centers to active muscles, spinal plasticity, amount of activated motor units and synchronisation. In addition, unilateral EMS training increases in contralateral homologous muscle strength that shows EMS training influences in supraspinal centers and different cortical regions. The purpose of this review was to investigate of neural adaptation related to EMS training and effects of EMS training for sedentary people and athletes in their sport performances.

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